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Planning Your Compost Program

Mon, 13 Oct 2025 14:18:11 GMT

Why You Should Test Before You Spread

For commercial compost producers, fall is more than just the end of the growing season — it’s the beginning of the next one. Whether your compost is destined for farm fields, landscaping projects, or retail packaging, now is the time to validate its quality before it’s applied or sold.

Compost that looks good isn’t always ready — and what your customers can’t see can hurt them (and your brand). That’s why laboratory compost testing is a critical quality control step that separates professional producers from backyard operations.

Why Fall Is Prime Time for Compost Testing

As summer piles finish curing and the weather cools, many composters begin turning material, screening, and prepping batches for winter or early spring sales. Testing now provides:

Lead time for adjustments before material goes out the door
Proof of maturity and safety for customers and specifiers
Validation of nutrient content and value for pricing and labeling

Whether you're selling bulk or bagged compost, you want confidence that your product performs.

What to Test For (and Why It Matters)

At TPS Lab, we test compost for the parameters that matter most to your buyers and regulators:

Nutrient Content (NPK + Micronutrients)

Knowing the actual nutrient load (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, etc.) helps:

Price your compost competitively
Support agronomic recommendations
Avoid over-application concerns

Maturity & Stability

Unfinished compost can rob nitrogen from soil, create odor issues, or cause phytotoxicity in plants. Testing methods like Solvita CO2 or C:N ratio assessments help determine:

Is the compost finished?
Will it perform as expected?

pH and Soluble Salts (EC)

These two metrics are especially important for:

Blending compost into potting mixes or topsoil
Determining suitability for sensitive crops or seedlings

Pathogen Testing (Salmonella & Fecal Coliform)

If you sell to landscapers, municipalities, or organic operations, pathogen-free compost is a must. TPS Lab offers EPA-approved methods to verify safety.

Heavy Metals (EPA RCRA-8 or CDFA guidelines)

If you’re marketing to DOT, city governments, or landscape architects, compost must meet strict heavy metals limits. Even minor exceedances can disqualify a product.

Stand Out in a Competitive Market

As more buyers ask for lab reports — or require them to meet LEED, DOT, or municipal specs — compost testing has moved from a "nice to have" to a business necessity .

We test composts for producers across the U.S., and many of our clients:

Use results to qualify for STA certification
Attach lab reports to bids and RFPs
Showcase testing in marketing materials to win larger contracts

If you're selling compost commercially, a lab report isn’t a cost — it’s an asset.

Fast Turnaround, Reliable Results

At TPS Lab, we offer:

Nutrient & maturity testing (5–7 business days)
Pathogen testing (7–10 business days)
Heavy metals testing (CDFA, EPA, or Canadian formats)

Sample size: Send 1 gallon per sample in a sealed bag. For pathogen testing, ship overnight in a cooler.

Full STA package available

Don’t Spread It Until You Test It

If you're preparing to sell or apply compost this fall, now’s the time to confirm it’s mature, safe, and market-ready.

Submit a compost sample here

Or call 956-383-0739 to talk with our team about which package fits your needs. Your compost is valuable — and your lab report should prove it.

What is your soil whispering to you this fall?

Tue, 07 Oct 2025 15:42:35 GMT

A Hidden Season of Growth

The Invitation

As the air crisps and leaves turn inward, fall begins her quiet work beneath our feet.
Many think of this season as an ending. But in the language of soil, fall is preparation, integration, and deep nourishment.

Just as the recent harvest moon (Oct. 6-7) calls the tide, it also calls the soil inward—to digest, to balance, to ready itself for spring's explosion.

At our lab, we’ve long known: autumn soil testing reveals the hidden truth of what comes next.

The Wisdom

A soil test in autumn does more than inform—it guides . It shows you:

Whether your compost is truly ready—or still breaking down.
If nutrient levels are depleted after the growing season.
What your soil needs to rest and rejuvenate.

Think of it as a conversation with the land.
Not asking it to yield… but asking it how to help it heal.

And when the soil is nourished, everything it touches thrives.

The clients who test in fall are often the ones who come to spring ready —not scrambling.
They report stronger yields, fewer surprises, and a deeper connection to their land.

It's not just science. It's intuition supported by clarity .

The Call

If you feel called to check in with your soil—to ask what it needs for the winter ahead—we’re here.

Our lab is not just about data. It’s about relationship . With land. With life. With the long view.

You can begin with something simple: Plant Natural Soil Test Or reach out. We’re listening. The soil is, too.

“Autumn asks not what you can take, but what you can know.”
—The Soil, probably

SAP TESTING VS. DRY TISSUE ANALYSIS

admin@tpslab.com (Sandy Perez) — Tue, 29 Jul 2025 15:22:41 GMT

Why the Method (and Interpretation) Matters

A recent article titled " Sap Test Saves on Inputs: Identify Nutrient Needs Earlier Than with a Tissue Sample " highlights a growing trend among farmers exploring sap testing as a tool for managing fertility. The idea is compelling: reduce fertilizer inputs and respond more precisely to plant needs by using more timely data. But as the article itself reveals, the promise doesn’t always match the outcome.

One of the highlighted quotes in the article reads:

“We haven’t seen a large yield increase in corn, but we’re using a half pound or less of nitrogen per bushel — half of what we used to use.”

At TPS Lab, we respect the effort to reduce inputs and improve nutrient efficiency. But we also believe that fertility programs shouldn’t ask you to choose between savings or performance. Our goal is both — and that’s where the method, and more importantly, the interpretation, makes all the difference.

Not All Sap Testing Is Created Equal

The approach described in the article — sampling old and new leaves and comparing nutrient levels — is often referred to as sap testing. However, in practice, many labs calling it a "sap test" are still performing variations of a standard tissue test, just on multiple leaves. Without true sap extraction and rigorous handling protocols, this method may not deliver the insights growers expect.

More importantly, the challenge isn’t just how you sample — it’s whether the lab knows how to interpret what the plant is actually telling you. Many growers receive pages of data but no actionable guidance, leaving them unsure how to respond.

What We Do Differently at TPS Lab

At TPS Lab, we analyze the petiole , the nutrient transport structure of the plant, using a dry tissue analysis on a dry-weight basis . This method provides a stable, accurate, and meaningful measure of what’s moving through the plant right now. More importantly, we combine this method with proprietary nutrient sufficiency ranges developed through decades of agronomic data.

This means we can:

Help growers dial in exactly how much of each macro and micronutrient to apply
Target yield goals with confidence — not just hope
Deliver results in 2–3 business days, not 10+

And we don’t just send numbers — we provide interpretation and support that ties the data directly to your goals, field by field.

Our clients don’t say “I’m not seeing a yield increase.” They say, “We hit our numbers, and we did it with fewer inputs than last year.”

Real Precision: Yield, Efficiency, and Confidence

The idea behind sap testing is a good one — be proactive, responsive, and efficient. But the execution matters. It’s not just about collecting plant material and sending it off; it’s about asking the right questions and using the right standards to get clear answers.

We aren’t here to criticize other labs or practices. We’re here to show that when testing is done well — with reliable sampling, precise methodology, and expert interpretation — it can help you reduce inputs and increase yield.

In fact, if you tell us your bushel target, we can tell you exactly what your crop needs to get there — and help you hit that number efficiently and predictably.

Conclusion: Fertility Strategy Built on Results, Not Just Reports

If you’re investing in plant testing, you deserve more than a lab report — you deserve a roadmap. We believe your fertility strategy should be built on actionable insight, tailored guidance, and measurable results.

Whether you’re trying to cut nitrogen use, push higher yields, or both, our method gives you the real-time tools to make confident decisions — not just educated guesses.

Click here to submit a plant sample

Or call us at 956-383-0739 — and let’s talk about hitting your yield targets and saving on inputs.

Compost Quality Matters

admin@tpslab.com (Sandy Perez) — Wed, 25 Jun 2025 16:09:03 GMT

What Landscape Architects and Spec Writers Need to Know

How to Ensure Your Projects Meet the Mark—and How TPS Lab Can Help

When a landscape project calls for compost, most people assume any dark, crumbly material will do. But as landscape architects, municipal planners, and spec writers know— not all compost is created equal , and using the wrong material can jeopardize plant health, soil structure, and long-term success.

That’s why more professionals are specifying compost that meets rigorous quality standards , like those outlined by the U.S. Composting Council’s STA Program . And it’s why compost producers turn to labs like TPS Lab , one of the few in the country certified to test and verify STA-compliant compost.

Whether you're writing the spec or reviewing submittals, here's what you need to know.

Why Compost Quality Should Be Non-Negotiable

In high-value landscaping projects, compost isn’t just filler—it’s a biological soil amendment that affects water retention, nutrient delivery, root health, and erosion control. Poor-quality compost can:

Burn plants due to high salts or ammonia
Introduce weed seeds or pathogens
Create drainage or compaction issues
Cause nutrient tie-up or imbalance
Lead to expensive replanting or remediation

Compost that looks finished may not be fully cured or stable. The only way to know for sure? Laboratory analysis .

What "Compliant Compost" Actually Means

When landscape specifications call for “STA Certified Compost” or “compost compliant with USCC guidelines,” they’re referring to a strict set of testing and documentation standards. Compost should meet benchmarks for:

Maturity/Stability (low respiration rates, no phytotoxicity)
Nutrient Content (NPK, organic matter, C:N ratio)
pH and Soluble Salts (critical for plant safety)
Heavy Metals (must fall below EPA limits)
Moisture Content and Bulk Density
Pathogen and Weed Seed Reduction (via PFRP validation)

These parameters ensure the compost won’t harm plantings or disrupt soil biology—and that it’s suitable for use in regulated applications.

TPS Lab: A Trusted STA-Approved Testing Laboratory

TPS Lab is one of a select group of laboratories in the U.S. certified by the U.S. Composting Council under the STA (Seal of Testing Assurance) program. That means:

We follow strict USCC protocols for compost analysis
We deliver traceable, standardized reports that meet commercial and municipal spec requirements
We work with compost manufacturers across the U.S. to help them develop and maintain products that consistently meet STA or custom project specs

Whether you're sourcing compost for a new landscape development or writing specs for public works projects, TPS Lab gives you confidence in the material you’re using—or approving.

Spec Writers: Make Your Requirements Stick

If you're writing compost specs, we recommend language that includes:

STA Program compliance
Recent lab test results from a USCC-certified laboratory
Defined thresholds for soluble salts, organic matter, pH, maturity, and particle size
A requirement for third-party verification (not just supplier statements)

Need help building spec language that holds up in the field and in court? We’re happy to provide guidance.

TPS Lab Helps Compost Suppliers Meet High Standards

We also work closely with compost manufacturers, soil blenders, and distributors to:

Identify what’s causing failed specs
Adjust feedstocks or processing practices
Improve material consistency and value
Prepare documentation for landscape architects, DOT projects, and municipal contracts

By testing with TPS Lab, suppliers gain a competitive edge—and meet the demands of today’s increasingly quality-conscious specifiers.

Don't Leave Compost Quality to Chance

In professional landscaping, the wrong compost can mean failed plantings, drainage issues, or liability headaches.

Whether you're designing a streetscape, writing public bid specs, or building out a LEED-certified green roof, TPS Lab is your partner in ensuring compost compliance and performance.

�� Need help with compost specs or testing? Contact us to speak with a certified expert.

Compost supplier? Explore our testing services and join the ranks of STA-compliant producers across the U.S.

Recovering From Severe Weather

admin@tpslab.com (Sandy Perez) — Mon, 16 Jun 2025 14:15:08 GMT

What Farmers Should Test and Do After Storm Damage

Severe storms this season — hail, high winds, flooding rains — have battered crops across the Central US. The impacts go beyond visible damage; they change how soil and plants behave for the rest of the growing season. Knowing how to assess, test, and correct storm-related issues is critical for minimizing losses and keeping yield on track.

How Storm Damage Affects Crops and Soil

Hail & Wind: Physical injury to leaves and stems reduces photosynthesis. Open wounds invite pathogens and reduce plant vigor. Expect to see secondary diseases weeks after hail.

Heavy Rain & Flooding: Saturated soil turns anaerobic, stressing roots and slowing nutrient uptake. Surface compaction and crusting can occur once soils dry. Nutrient leaching is common for nitrogen, sulfur, and boron.

High Winds & Tornadoes: Debris causes hidden bruising and breaks that may not be visible immediately but become infection sites later.

Detailed Field Inspection Tips

Quantify leaf area loss: More than 25% defoliation typically warrants nutrition adjustments.
Check root zone condition: Dig small pits to check for standing water below the surface. Saturated soil can stunt roots for weeks.
Assess lodging severity: Lodged plants can recover if stalks remain flexible; if not, expect reduced yield.
Look for disease incubation: Monitor weather conditions — warm, humid days after damage are ideal for fungal spread.

Why and What to Test Now

Soil Testing: Post-storm soil tests help verify nutrient losses from leaching. Pay special attention to nitrate-N and sulfate-S levels. If you have compacted or crusted soil, check pH and EC as well — surface sealing can trap salts.

TPSL Plant Natural® Soil Test

Plant Tissue Testing: A tissue test shows what the plant is still able to absorb under stress. Combine this with soil data for a complete plan — don’t just feed the soil blindly.

ASK THE PLANT® Sap Test

Water Testing: If runoff is high, well and pond water can carry silt, pathogens, or excess salts. Periodic checks protect irrigation lines and crops.

Basic Water Analysis

Expert-Level Recovery Steps

✅ Split nitrogen applications: Instead of heavy single topdressing, spoon-feed small amounts based on updated soil nitrate levels to reduce loss and stress.

✅ Use foliar sprays wisely: Foliar feeding provides fast relief but choose low-salt, crop-safe products — amino acid chelates or biostimulants work well post-damage.

✅ Add calcium if fruiting crops were hit: Physical injury increases calcium demand for wound healing and fruit set.

✅ Consider microbial inoculants: Saturated soils often lose beneficial microbes; a targeted inoculant can help roots recover faster.

✅ Re-test in 2-3 weeks: Use a follow-up tissue test to confirm that corrections are working and adjust before reproductive stages are fully underway.

Call Us for Custom Plans

No two storms — or fields — are alike. TPS Lab’s consultants can build a precise recovery plan using your fresh soil, tissue, and water data so you don’t overspend or misapply inputs.

�� Submit a sample today or call 956-383-0739 to speak to an agronomist. Don’t wait — every day counts after severe weather.

The Real Cost of SB3

admin@tpslab.com (Sandy Perez) — Tue, 10 Jun 2025 14:26:32 GMT

How Texas' Proposed THC Ban Undermines Compliance, Industry, and Common Sense

As a lab that once offered cannabinoid testing services to clients across Texas, we’ve had a front-row seat to the rise of the hemp industry in our state—and now, potentially, to its unraveling. Senate Bill 3 (SB3), which aims to ban nearly all THC products except for CBD and CBG, is causing shockwaves throughout the sector. And while it may be pitched as a public safety measure, the true impact of this legislation tells a very different story.

A Solution in Search of a Problem

SB3 is being sold under the familiar banner of "protecting our children." The bill’s backers argue that potent THC products, particularly synthetics and edibles, pose a risk to minors. But the data and real-world experience tell a more nuanced story. Most minors aren’t obtaining THC from legal hemp shops or dispensaries. They're getting it the old-fashioned way: from friends, relatives, or the underground market.

If anything, SB3 is poised to do what prohibition-style laws always do: make the legal market disappear while the illegal one thrives. The shops that close won’t be the ones lacing gummies in back alleys—they’ll be licensed, tax-paying businesses that tried to follow the rules.

The Compliance Trap: Vague Standards, Real Consequences

One of the most frustrating aspects of SB3 is its vagueness. The bill attempts to draw a hard line between legal and illegal cannabinoids—allowing only CBD and CBG products—but offers no scientific clarity on what exactly qualifies as compliant. Producers are left guessing how pure their products must be. Is a CBD isolate product with 0.002% delta-9 THC still legal? What if trace amounts of other non-psychoactive cannabinoids are detected by modern testing methods?

This is not a hypothetical concern. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and other advanced instruments can detect cannabinoids at parts-per-million and lower. Labs doing their job correctly are going to see these trace compounds. So what’s a lab supposed to do—omit the data? Massage the numbers? Turn a blind eye?

Herein lies the trap: Producers want to be compliant, but they also need labs that won’t “narc” on them for minute traces of something the bill doesn’t clearly prohibit. But labs, bound by science, ethics, and liability, can’t become the compliance scapegoat.

The Business of Fear

On closer inspection, SB3 looks less like thoughtful regulation and more like political posturing. It’s a way for lawmakers to appear tough on drugs without fully understanding the science or the industry. The cannabis plant is chemically complex. Completely purifying it to a single cannabinoid, without a trace of others, is extremely difficult and often unnecessary for public safety.

Moreover, many suspect (as we've been told by those in the industry) that powerful lobbying groups—alcohol, pharma, law enforcement unions, private prisons—are all circling the wagons. Cannabis threatens market share. Legal THC means fewer painkiller prescriptions, less alcohol consumption, and reduced incarceration rates for low-level offenses. The politics behind the bill may be less about protecting kids and more about protecting old interests.

Collateral Damage: The Voices You Don’t Hear

SB3 will not stop cannabis consumption. What it will do is put hundreds of small businesses in jeopardy. Mom-and-pop producers. Veteran-owned extraction labs. Family-run CBD shops in rural counties. These are not faceless corporations—they’re the backbone of the industry and the communities they serve.

The law will also create impossible expectations for labs. We’ve already received emails from businesses asking for assurances that their product will "test clean"—essentially asking labs to shift the burden of compliance onto their shoulders. That’s not how science works, and it's not how the legal system works, either.

So Where Do We Go From Here?

We’re no longer in the hemp testing business, and truthfully, SB3 gives us even less reason to return. Not because we don’t believe in the industry, but because the risks have become unreasonable. Labs can’t operate in a regulatory fog where science and policy are at odds.

If this bill becomes law, we expect a chilling effect. Labs will exit the space. Producers will move operations to friendlier states—or go underground. Meanwhile, consumers will have fewer choices and more risk.

What Texas Needs Instead

Texas doesn’t need SB3. What it needs is:

Clear definitions based on science, not politics.
Realistic testing thresholds that reflect natural variances in hemp-derived products.
An enforcement model that punishes bad actors, not honest businesses trying to comply.
Engagement with stakeholders , not legislation written in a vacuum.

The hemp industry in Texas has been a source of innovation, entrepreneurship, and economic growth. We urge lawmakers to rethink this bill—not because we oppose regulation, but because bad regulation hurts everyone, and this bill is a prime example.

Final Thoughts

SB3 isn't just a poorly written law—it's a policy iceberg drifting toward an industry that was just beginning to find its footing. We owe it to our clients, our communities, and the future of Texas agriculture to demand better.

Until then, we’ll keep doing what we do best: telling the truth, based on data, and standing by the science—even when politics won’t.

Why TPS Lab Soil and Plant Testing Is Worth Every Penny

admin@tpslab.com (Sandy Perez) — Mon, 05 May 2025 13:36:45 GMT

Understanding the True Value Behind the Price Tag

When shopping for soil, compost, or plant tissue testing, it’s easy to compare labs based on one thing: price. But not all labs—and certainly not all test results—are created equal.

At TPS Lab, we’re often asked, “Why does your testing cost more than others?” It’s a fair question—and one we’re always happy to answer.

In this post, we’ll break down what goes into our pricing, the real value you receive when you choose TPS Lab, and why going with a cheaper lab may cost you more in the long run. Whether you're a PhD researcher, commercial grower, or passionate backyard gardener, you'll get a clearer picture of what you're really getting when you send samples to TPS Lab.

1. More Than Just Numbers: You Get Interpretation, Not Just Data

Most labs deliver raw numbers and leave you guessing. TPS Lab goes further.

Every report comes with expert interpretation grounded in decades of applied research and real-world outcomes. We base our recommendations on proprietary nutrient standards developed from thousands of commercial case studies across a wide range of crops, soil types, climates, and growing systems.

We don’t just tell you your nitrogen level. We tell you what it means—for your crop, in your stage of growth, under your conditions.

2. Proprietary Standards Backed by Real-World Performance

Our nutrient sufficiency ranges aren’t pulled from old textbooks—they’re built from live data , updated regularly based on:

Commercial grower feedback
Field trials and crop performance
Environmental variables like weather and region
And decades of experience across all major ag sectors

Whether you're looking at a soil, compost, or plant tissue test, our insights are based on what actually works—not just what "should" work in theory.

3. Consultation Is Included—Always

Every standard test includes personalized consultation with our agronomists and soil scientists. You’ll speak with experts who:

Help you understand your results
Offer practical next steps
Provide insights customized to your crop, soil, and goals

Most labs charge extra for this—if they offer it at all. At TPS Lab, it’s built into the service, because actionable knowledge is what drives results.

4. We Use Advanced Methods Other Labs Abandon for Speed

We don’t follow trends—we follow truth. Take our soil testing, for example:

TPS Lab may be the only lab in the world still using the Daubeny Extraction Method —a powerful, field-validated approach that provides a truer picture of available nutrients than many modern shortcuts.

Most labs abandoned this method in favor of faster, cheaper alternatives. But faster doesn’t mean better. In fact, common extraction methods often sacrifice accuracy and crop-specific relevance.

We believe you deserve more than “good enough.” That’s why we preserve high-integrity methods that help you make better-informed decisions with your land.

5. Compost Testing That Meets the Highest Standards

Our compost analysis services are held to some of the highest technical and reporting standards in the U.S.

TPS Lab is proud to be one of the few laboratories certified by the U.S. Composting Council (USCC) under the Seal of Testing Assurance (STA) program. That means:

We follow rigid, standardized protocols for testing compost quality
We provide complete, traceable documentation
Our results are trusted by landscape architects, municipalities, and compost producers nationwide

Whether you're blending for organic gardens or commercial resale, our compost data gives you confidence—and credibility.

6. Broad Testing Panels—Included as Standard

We believe in delivering complete answers, not just partial data. That’s why our reports cover more nutrients and indicators than most labs include—even in their premium packages.

For example, our plant tissue tests include:

Macronutrients : N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S
Micronutrients : Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B
Trace Elements : Mo, Co, Se, Ni, Si (acid soluble)

Our soil and compost analyses also offer expanded panels, depending on the test you choose. And we’re always happy to customize for your needs.

7. Commercial Quality, Home-Grower Friendly

TPS Lab serves commercial growers, universities, compost producers, landscapers, consultants, and high-level research institutions.

But we bring that same professional quality to anyone serious about growing—from large-scale operations to passionate backyard gardeners. If you care about doing it right, we’re here to support you.

8. Fast Turnaround, Real People, Reliable Support

Our team is known for fast turnaround times and responsive customer service . We know that time matters—especially when crops are growing and decisions can’t wait.

Call us, and you’ll talk to someone who knows your sample, understands your system, and wants to help you succeed.

Conclusion: The Cheapest Test Gives You a Number. The Right Test Gives You a Return.

Choosing a lab should never be just about price—it should be about value.

At TPS Lab, we offer more than just numbers on a page. We offer:

✅ Interpretation backed by decades of data
✅ Advanced, proprietary testing methods
✅ USCC certification for compost analysis
✅ Personalized consultation
✅ Full-spectrum nutrient panels
✅ Fast, friendly service

If you're ready to stop guessing and start growing smarter, TPS Lab delivers.

Have questions about pricing or which test is right for you? Contact us and we’ll walk you through it.

Ready to test with confidence? Explore our testing packages and experience the TPS Lab difference today.

How to Use Tissue Testing to Stay Ahead of Summer Nutrient Deficiencies

admin@tpslab.com (Sandy Perez) — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 15:15:39 GMT

As summer sets in across much of the country, crops enter one of the most demanding phases of their life cycle. With increased heat, active fruiting, and water stress, nutrient uptake becomes more unpredictable. Even the most well-fertilized soils may fall short in delivering the right nutrients at the right time. That’s where mid-season plant tissue testing becomes an invaluable tool.

Why Soil Tests Alone Aren’t Enough

Soil tests provide a vital baseline before planting, helping you understand what's available in the root zone. But as the season progresses, multiple factors can interfere with nutrient uptake:

Heat stress and limited moisture reduce nutrient movement in soil, making it harder for roots to access nutrients even when they're present.
Soil pH shifts —common as microbial activity changes—can lock up nutrients like phosphorus, zinc, or iron, rendering them unavailable to plants.
Plant demand changes rapidly during flowering and fruiting, meaning nutrient requirements evolve faster than soil reserves or slow-release fertilizers can respond.

A mid-season tissue test reveals what the plant is actually absorbing, not just what’s in the soil.

What Tissue Testing Tells You

A tissue test provides a real-time snapshot of the plant’s nutritional status. It helps identify:

Early signs of nutrient deficiencies , often before symptoms show up visually. This allows for preventative correction, rather than trying to fix a visible problem too late in the season.
Imbalances between key nutrients , such as excess nitrogen suppressing calcium uptake, or low magnesium reducing potassium efficiency.
Uptake issues caused by stress , poor irrigation practices, or compacted root zones—especially important in summer when evapotranspiration is high and root efficiency is lower.

Tissue testing gives you the insight needed to make targeted nutritional corrections , optimizing fruit set, size, and quality.

When and How to Tissue Test

For most fruiting crops, ideal sampling windows include:

Just before flowering , when nutrient demand is about to spike.
Early fruit development , to support strong cell division and prevent blossom-end disorders.
Mid-season (peak fruit load) , when nutrient draw is at its highest and deficiencies are most likely to develop.

Select healthy, recently matured leaves from a representative section of the field. Avoid leaves with obvious damage, disease, or pest activity. Consistency in sampling location and leaf age is critical for accurate comparisons over time.

At TPS Lab, we provide detailed sampling instructions and fast turnaround times, so you can act before yield is compromised.

Common Summer Deficiencies to Watch For

Even in fertilized fields, these nutrients often fall short under summer stress:

Potassium (K): Crucial for water regulation, sugar transport, and fruit development. Deficiencies can cause uneven ripening, poor flavor, and lower yields.
Calcium (Ca): Required for cell wall strength and fruit quality. Limited uptake often causes blossom end rot in tomatoes and peppers or tip burn in leafy greens.
Magnesium (Mg): A central component of chlorophyll. Magnesium deficiency can lead to interveinal yellowing and poor photosynthesis, especially under intense sunlight.
Micronutrients (Boron, Manganese, Zinc): These trace elements play vital roles in pollination, enzyme function, and hormone regulation. Even minor deficiencies can lead to poor fruit set or malformed growth.

How to Act on Results

Once your results are in, use them to tailor your in-season fertility program. Depending on the crop and severity, this might involve:

Adjusting fertigation blends to include more soluble potassium or micronutrients based on test results.
Applying foliar sprays for immediate correction, especially for mobile nutrients or in cases where soil uptake is impaired.
Incorporating amino acid-based fertilizers or biostimulants to enhance nutrient absorption, increase stress tolerance, and promote balanced growth without risking burn or over-fertilization.

TPS Lab consultants can help interpret your report and recommend specific products or strategies—whether that includes our own solutions like Nitro P9 or CSL+ , or broader categories suited to your operation.

Stay Proactive, Not Reactive

By integrating tissue testing into your summer crop management, you shift from guesswork to precision. Avoid late-season surprises, improve fruit quality, and maximize your ROI with simple mid-season monitoring.

Ready to test? Click here to submit a sample or call us at 956-383-0739 to speak with a consultant.

How to Choose the Right Fertilizer Based on Your Soil Test

admin@tpslab.com (Sandy Perez) — Thu, 17 Apr 2025 15:13:12 GMT

And Stop Wasting Money on Products That Don’t Work

Have you ever received a soil test report and thought, "What am I supposed to do with this?" You’re not alone. Whether you're a seasoned commercial grower or a hobby gardener cultivating a backyard oasis, it's common to feel overwhelmed by the numbers and chemical abbreviations scattered across the page. The most frequent question we get at TPS Lab is: How do I actually choose a fertilizer based on these results?

Soil testing is an essential first step in improving your soil health and boosting yields. But the value of a soil test isn’t in the numbers alone—it’s in knowing what to do next. This blog will walk you through how to interpret your test results and turn them into smart fertilizer decisions. We'll bridge the gap between lab data and boots-on-the-ground action.

Understanding What the Soil Test Tells You

Most soil test reports provide nutrient recommendations in pounds per acre or per 1,000 square feet. You might see values like:

Apply 60 lbs Nitrogen (N)
Apply 40 lbs Phosphate (P2O5)
Apply 20 lbs Potash (K2O)

These numbers don’t refer to a specific product. They tell you how much of each nutrient your soil needs to grow healthy crops, trees, turf, or vegetables. It’s like getting a blood test that tells you your iron is low. The next step is choosing the right supplement to correct that deficiency.

Fertilizers, however, are labeled in percentages—not pounds. For example, a 10-10-10 fertilizer contains 10% of each nutrient by weight. So how do you go from your soil test recommendation to figuring out how much of that 10-10-10 bag to apply?

The Conversion Challenge

Let’s say your test calls for 60 lbs of nitrogen per acre. If you're using a 10-10-10 fertilizer, you'd need to apply 600 lbs per acre to meet just the nitrogen recommendation. But doing so would also apply 60 lbs of phosphate and 60 lbs of potash—potentially more than your soil needs, leading to waste or even plant damage.

This is where many growers go wrong. They find a bag of fertilizer with an NPK label that seems close enough and apply it across the board. Unfortunately, that approach can result in underfeeding one nutrient, overfeeding another, or throwing off the delicate balance of your soil biology.

A one-size-fits-all fertilizer often fits no one well. Soil test recommendations are only effective when paired with the right product selection.

Calculating the Right Fertilizer Amount

Here’s how you can do the math:

Take the nutrient recommendation (e.g., 60 lbs of N per acre).
Divide by the percentage of the nutrient in your fertilizer (e.g., 10% for a 10-10-10 product = 0.10).
That gives you the total pounds of product you’d need to apply per acre.

In this case: 60 ÷ 0.10 = 600 lbs of product per acre.

As you can see, this can quickly lead to overapplication of phosphorus and potassium when you're only trying to meet a nitrogen need. That’s why many growers opt for blending multiple fertilizers or using targeted products that focus on a single nutrient.

If your soil needs nitrogen but is already sufficient in phosphorus and potassium, applying a complete NPK blend wastes money and can even harm microbial life. Conversely, if you need more phosphorus and potassium but your nitrogen is high, the wrong product can push your plants into excessive vegetative growth at the expense of fruit or flower development.

Area Matters: Acre vs. Square Feet

Another common stumbling block is unit conversion. If you're a farmer working in acres, the math may be more straightforward. But for gardeners, landscapers, and greenhouse growers working in square feet, the numbers can get confusing fast.

Most garden fertilizers provide application rates in pounds per 1,000 square feet. If your soil test gives recommendations in lbs/acre, you’ll need to convert: 1 acre = 43,560 square feet

So, if your soil test calls for 60 lbs N per acre, that equates to roughly 1.4 lbs N per 1,000 sq ft. This is especially important when purchasing bagged fertilizers intended for lawns or garden beds.

Using the wrong scale can easily lead to burning plants with excessive nutrients or applying too little to make a difference.

Custom Fertilizer Blending: The Smarter Option

At TPS Lab, we don’t just tell you what nutrients are missing. We help you formulate the exact product or combination of products to meet your needs. Sometimes that means using separate fertilizers for N, P, and K. Other times, it means creating a custom blend that matches your field or bed's unique nutrient profile.

For example, if your test shows:

60 lbs N
20 lbs P2O5
80 lbs K2O

We might recommend a high-nitrogen biostimulant like Nitro P9 to meet your N, a small amount of a P-rich fertilizer, and a potassium sulfate product to round things out. That way, you hit your target without excess.

Not only does this approach save money, but it also reduces nutrient runoff and environmental impact. Your plants get exactly what they need—no more, no less.

Biostimulants: The Secret Weapon

Biostimulants like our Nitro P9 and CSL+ can dramatically improve nutrient use efficiency. Because they deliver nutrients in a highly available form, you often need less total input to achieve the same (or better) results. These products can also reduce plant stress, improve water use, and support beneficial microbial activity.

Many of our commercial clients now combine soil test-based nutrient plans with biostimulants to reduce reliance on conventional fertilizers while boosting yield and quality. Gardeners are also catching on, especially when dealing with poor soil structure or heavy clay.

What Happens If You Ignore the Test?

Skipping the soil test or misreading the results can lead to several issues:

Wasted money on fertilizer your soil doesn’t need
Poor plant growth or nutrient deficiencies
Salt buildup and pH imbalance
Reduced microbial activity

Over time, this can cause your soil to become harder to manage and less productive. The best way to avoid this is to start with the data and follow through with a plan tailored to it.

Final Thoughts

Your soil test isn’t a riddle. It’s a roadmap. But like any map, it only helps if you know how to read it and apply what it tells you.

Fertilizer decisions should be based on real data, not guesswork. Whether you’re growing 1,000 acres of corn or a backyard of heirloom tomatoes, knowing what your soil needs and matching it to the right product is the key to sustainable success.

At TPS Lab, we help take the guesswork out. Our experts are available for consultations, and we can even create custom product plans based on your unique needs.

Let your soil test work for you. Stop wasting money on "almost right" fertilizers, and start giving your soil what it truly needs to thrive.

Ready to turn your soil report into a real fertility plan? Contact TPS Lab today and get the expert guidance your soil deserves.

Enhancing Phosphorus Availability in Agriculture

admin@tpslab.com (Sandy Perez) — Wed, 02 Apr 2025 13:58:14 GMT

The Role of Amino Acids in nutrient Tie-up.

Phosphorus (P) is a cornerstone nutrient in agriculture, vital for plant processes such as energy transfer, photosynthesis, and the synthesis of nucleic acids. Despite its abundance in soil, phosphorus often remains inaccessible to plants due to its tendency to form insoluble compounds with elements like calcium, iron, and aluminum—a phenomenon known as phosphorus tie-up. This challenge is particularly pronounced in soils irrigated with hard water, which is rich in calcium and magnesium ions that exacerbate nutrient immobilization. Emerging research suggests that amino acids, the fundamental units of proteins, can play a pivotal role in mitigating phosphorus tie-up, thereby enhancing nutrient availability and promoting robust plant growth. PMC

Understanding Phosphorus Tie-Up in Soil

Phosphorus exists in soils in both organic and inorganic forms. Plants primarily absorb phosphorus as inorganic phosphate ions (H₂PO₄⁻ and HPO₄²⁻). However, these ions are highly reactive and can quickly bind with cations such as calcium (Ca²⁺) in alkaline soils or iron (Fe³⁺) and aluminum (Al³⁺) in acidic soils, leading to the formation of insoluble phosphate compounds. This process significantly reduces the concentration of bioavailable phosphorus, impeding plant uptake and growth. The application of phosphorus fertilizers often fails to resolve this issue, as a substantial portion of the added phosphorus becomes immobilized shortly after application. Studies indicate that in alkaline soils, phosphorus binds with calcium, while in acidic soils, it binds with iron and aluminum, restricting its availability to crops. AgroPages+2MU Extension+2CTAHR+2 Successful Farming

The Impact of Hard Water on Nutrient Availability

Hard water, characterized by elevated levels of calcium and magnesium ions, is commonly used for irrigation in many agricultural regions. While these cations are essential nutrients, their excessive presence can exacerbate phosphorus tie-up by increasing the formation of insoluble phosphate salts. This not only diminishes the efficiency of phosphorus fertilizers but also poses challenges for nutrient management strategies aimed at optimizing crop yields.

Amino Acids: Natural Chelators in Soil

Amino acids are organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins. Beyond their role in plant metabolism, certain amino acids exhibit chelating properties, enabling them to bind with metal ions in the soil. This chelation process can prevent the formation of insoluble phosphate compounds by sequestering cations such as calcium, iron, and aluminum, thereby maintaining phosphorus in a soluble and plant-available form. For instance, amino acids like glutamic acid and glycine have been identified as effective natural chelators that can enhance nutrient availability in the rhizosphere.

Mechanisms of Amino Acid-Mediated Nutrient Mobilization

The application of amino acids to soil can influence nutrient dynamics through several mechanisms:

Chelation of Metal Ions: Amino acids can form stable complexes with cations responsible for phosphorus immobilization. By binding to these metal ions, amino acids reduce their interaction with phosphate ions, thereby preventing the formation of insoluble phosphate compounds.
Stimulation of Microbial Activity: Amino acids serve as a carbon and nitrogen source for soil microorganisms, promoting microbial proliferation. Enhanced microbial activity can lead to increased production of organic acids and enzymes that solubilize bound phosphorus, further improving its availability to plants.
Improvement of Soil Structure: The presence of amino acids can contribute to the formation of soil aggregates, enhancing soil porosity and aeration. Improved soil structure facilitates root penetration and increases the surface area for nutrient absorption.

Empirical Evidence from University Research

Recent studies have provided insights into the role of amino acids in enhancing phosphorus availability. Research published in Scientific Reports examined the effects of low phosphorus stress on soybean root morphology and amino acid metabolism. The study found that under phosphorus-deficient conditions, soybean varieties with high phosphorus efficiency exhibited increased root surface area and altered amino acid profiles, suggesting a link between amino acid metabolism and phosphorus uptake. The researchers concluded that amino acids might play a role in remodeling root structures to optimize phosphorus acquisition under nutrient-limited conditions. Nature

Practical Applications in Agriculture

Integrating amino acids into agricultural practices can be achieved through various approaches:

Soil Amendments: Applying amino acid-based products directly to the soil can enhance the chelation of metal ions, thereby reducing phosphorus tie-up and increasing nutrient availability.
Foliar Sprays: Spraying amino acid solutions onto plant leaves can provide a direct source of these compounds, promoting overall plant health and potentially influencing root exudation patterns that affect nutrient uptake.
Seed Treatments: Coating seeds with amino acid formulations can support early root development and improve the plant's ability to access soil nutrients from germination onward.

Considerations and Future Directions

While the application of amino acids presents a promising strategy for mitigating phosphorus tie-up, several factors should be considered:

Soil pH and Composition: The effectiveness of amino acids in preventing nutrient immobilization may vary depending on soil pH and mineral content. Soil testing is recommended to tailor amino acid applications to specific soil conditions.
Amino Acid Selection: Different amino acids have varying chelating abilities. Research into the specific effects of individual amino acids can inform the development of targeted formulations.
Environmental Impact: The use of amino acids should be integrated into a holistic nutrient management plan that considers environmental sustainability and the potential impacts on soil ecosystems.

Conclusion

Addressing phosphorus tie-up is a critical challenge in agriculture, particularly in regions utilizing hard water for irrigation. The application of amino acids offers a natural and effective approach to enhance phosphorus availability by chelating metal ions and stimulating beneficial soil processes. Ongoing research continues to elucidate the mechanisms underlying amino acid-mediated nutrient mobilization, paving the way for innovative and sustainable agricultural practices that optimize plant nutrition and soil health.

Spring Planting Tips

admin@tpslab.com (Sandy Perez) — Mon, 24 Mar 2025 14:34:03 GMT

Ensuring Soil Health for Optimal Germination

Spring is here, and for a lot of growers, it’s time to get seeds in the ground and look forward to a strong season. There’s a certain energy in the air, that feeling of possibility that comes with new growth. But before you dive into planting, it’s important to make sure your soil is set up for success. A little prep work now can save you a lot of headaches down the line.

1. Test Your Soil Before Planting One of the most important things you can do before planting is to test your soil. Whether you’re planting row crops, pasture, or specialty produce, knowing your soil’s nutrient levels and pH is crucial. A good soil test will give you information about nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and pH—all of which affect how well your seeds will sprout and grow roots.

Testing might seem like just another chore on the list, but it’s worth it. Getting a clear picture of your soil’s condition helps you make better decisions about amendments and inputs. Plus, it can prevent nutrient deficiencies from holding back your crops later in the season.

2. Fix Nutrient Problems Early If your soil test shows that something’s off—like low nutrients or an imbalance—take care of it before planting. Adding the right soil amendments now can make a big difference in how well your crops do. Some common amendments include:

Gypsum to improve soil structure and calcium content.
Biochar to increase microbial activity and help the soil hold water.
Compost or manure to boost organic matter and make nutrients more available.

By addressing issues early, you’re not just setting up your crops for better yields—you’re also saving yourself from scrambling to fix problems after the fact. Think of it as insurance against mid-season stress.

3. Support Microbial Life for Better Roots Good soils are full of living organisms, and they help cycle nutrients and protect plants from disease. Think about adding biological inoculants to boost microbe levels, especially if your soil has been bare or depleted. Inoculants that contain mycorrhizae or helpful bacteria can make roots stronger and more resilient.

Healthier roots mean better nutrient uptake and improved resistance to stress. This is especially important in the early stages of growth when plants are most vulnerable.

4. Keep Moisture Just Right Getting the moisture right is important when seeds are trying to sprout. Too much water can cause seeds to rot, but too little means they might not sprout at all. Use moisture meters or other tools to keep track of how wet the soil is, and mulch can help keep moisture from evaporating too quickly.

Proper moisture management isn’t just about watering—it’s about maintaining a balance that supports germination and root establishment without drowning young plants.

5. Prevent Soil Compaction Driving heavy equipment over the field can pack down the soil, making it hard for roots to grow. Try to avoid running machinery over wet soils and think about using cover crops or organic matter to keep the soil loose and healthy.

Compacted soil doesn’t just stunt root growth—it also makes it harder for water and air to move through the soil profile. Breaking up compacted areas and practicing good soil management can help your crops thrive.

6. Watch for Problems Early Even if you do everything right before planting, it’s important to keep an eye on things after you put seeds in the ground. Watch for signs of stress like yellowing leaves or slow growth. Catching problems early gives you a chance to fix them before they hurt your whole crop.

A little bit of monitoring and quick action can make all the difference. Don’t hesitate to test your soil again or add a foliar feed if something seems off.

Spring planting is full of excitement and new possibilities, but getting your soil ready is the foundation for a good season. By testing, amending, and taking care of your soil now, you’re giving your crops the best shot at a strong start. A little effort upfront will pay off when your fields are full of healthy, thriving plants.

The Importance of Well Water Testing

admin@tpslab.com (Sandy Perez) — Mon, 17 Mar 2025 14:37:22 GMT

What to Expect When Drilling or Revamping a Well

Access to clean and safe drinking water is essential for any household or agricultural operation. If you rely on a well for your water supply, understanding the quality of your water is crucial for the health of your family, livestock, and crops. Whether you're drilling a new well or revamping an existing one, proper testing and maintenance are key to ensuring a safe and sustainable water source.

What to Expect When Drilling a New Well

Drilling a new well is a major investment, and understanding what to expect can help you make informed decisions. Here are the key factors to consider:

Geological Considerations: The depth and composition of the soil and bedrock impact water quality and availability. A geological survey can help determine the best location for your well.
Depth and Water Quality: Water sources vary by depth. Shallow wells (less than 50 feet) are more susceptible to contamination, while deeper wells (100+ feet) typically have better natural filtration but may contain higher mineral concentrations.
Well Casing and Seals: Proper casing and sealing are essential to prevent surface contaminants from entering your well.
Initial Water Testing: Before using your well, it’s critical to conduct a thorough water test to identify any contaminants or mineral imbalances.

Common Mineral Concentrations at Various Depths

The table below provides a general guideline on mineral concentrations at different well depths:

Revamping an Existing Well

Older wells often experience water quality issues over time. If your well water has changed in taste, color, or smell, it may be time for an evaluation. Common concerns include:

Iron and Manganese Staining: Causes brown or orange discoloration in sinks and laundry.
Hard Water Issues: Leads to scale buildup in pipes and appliances.
Bacterial Contamination: Can result from surface water intrusion or biofilm buildup.

Revamping an old well often includes re-casing, deepening, or installing new filtration systems to improve water quality.

Well Disinfection: When and Why It's Needed

If your well has tested positive for bacteria, has a persistent foul odor, or has been affected by flooding or construction, disinfection may be necessary. Well disinfection helps eliminate harmful pathogens, including E. coli, coliform bacteria, and other microbial contaminants that pose health risks. The most common disinfection method is shock chlorination , which involves introducing a high concentration of chlorine into the well to kill bacteria and other microbes.

A well might need disinfection if:

There has been recent well maintenance or construction.
The water has developed an off smell, taste, or cloudy appearance.
Testing has confirmed the presence of coliform bacteria or other harmful microbes.

Disinfecting a Bacteria-Contaminated Well

If you need to disinfect your well, here’s a basic rundown of the process:

Turn Off the Pump: Make sure no one uses the water during disinfection.
Mix Chlorine Solution: Use unscented household bleach (5% sodium hypochlorite) at a rate of 1 gallon per 100 feet of well depth.
Circulate the Solution: Pour the bleach solution into the well and run each tap until you smell chlorine.
Let It Sit: Allow the chlorine to remain in the sy stem for 12-24 ho urs.
Flush t he System: Run water until the chlori ne smell is gone.
Retest Your Wat er: After 1-2 weeks, test for bacteri a t o ensure the well is clean.

For more detailed guid ance, che ck out these official re sources:

Why Well Water Testing Matters

Regular water testing is the best way to ensure your well remains a safe source of drinking water. Our comprehensive water testing services analyze key factors such as:

Mineral Content (iron, manganese, calcium, magnesium, fluoride)
Chemical Contaminants (nitrates, sulfates, heavy metals)
pH and Hardness Levels

Get Your Well Water Tested Today!

Don’t leave your water quality to chance. Whether you're drilling a new well, revamping an old one, or dealing with contamination, TPS L ab offers prof essional water testing services to help you understand and improve yo ur water quality. Contact us today to schedule your well water analysis and ensure safe, clean water for your hom e or farm.

How Soil Testing Can Improve Water Infiltration and Retention in Drought Conditions

admin@tpslab.com (Sandy Perez) — Mon, 10 Mar 2025 21:36:11 GMT

Water is the most precious resource in agriculture, and in times of drought, every drop matters. In regions where rainfall is scarce, irrigation efficiency can make or break a season. But optimizing water use isn’t just about how much you apply—it’s about how well your soil absorbs and holds onto it.

One of the biggest challenges growers face, especially in arid areas, is poor water infiltration due to high salt levels and the formation of hardpan layers . These conditions prevent water from penetrating deeply into the soil, leading to runoff, evaporation losses, and inefficient irrigation. The good news? Soil testing provides the data needed to diagnose these issues and guide corrective actions that improve infiltration and retention.

Understanding the Problem: Hardpan and Salinity Issues

When soils accumulate excess salts—often due to irrigation with high-salinity water or poor drainage—sodium begins to displace essential soil structure-building elements like calcium and magnesium. This results in dispersion , where soil particles break apart and clog pore spaces. Over time, this leads to compacted layers (hardpan) that severely restrict water movement and root penetration.

Hardpan formation is particularly problematic because it creates a vicious cycle: poor infiltration forces growers to apply more water, but instead of being absorbed, much of it either evaporates or runs off, further concentrating salts at the surface.

The Role of Soil Testing in Water Management

Regular soil testing is the first step in breaking this cycle. By analyzing salinity levels, sodium absorption ratio (SAR), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and soil texture , growers can develop a strategy tailored to their specific conditions.

Salinity Testing – Measures the electrical conductivity (EC) of the soil, indicating whether salt concentrations are high enough to affect plant health and infiltration rates.
SAR and ESP (Exchangeable Sodium Percentage) – Helps determine whether sodium levels are disrupting soil structure and leading to compaction.
Soil Texture Analysis – Knowing the ratio of sand, silt, and clay informs how water moves through the profile and how much can be retained for plant use.
Infiltration Rate Testing – Provides real-world data on how quickly water is moving through the soil profile and whether adjustments are needed.

Solutions to Improve Water Infiltration

Once testing identifies the underlying problem, growers can take targeted action:

Gypsum Applications: In high-sodium soils, gypsum (calcium sulfate) helps displace sodium and restore soil structure, improving permeability.
Organic Matter Amendments: Adding compost or humic substances enhances soil aggregation, increasing pore space and water retention capacity.
Deep Ripping or Subsoiling: In extreme cases of hardpan, mechanical intervention may be needed to physically break up compacted layers before amending the soil.
Cover Crops and Reduced Tillage: These practices encourage natural soil structure development, reduce erosion, and promote beneficial microbial activity that aids in water movement.
Efficient Irrigation Management: Switching to drip irrigation or regulated deficit irrigation ensures water is delivered effectively without contributing to further salinity buildup.

Long-Term Benefits of Soil Testing for Drought Resilience

Water management isn’t just about addressing immediate issues—it’s about building long-term resilience. By integrating routine soil testing into farm management, growers can track changes in soil health over time, make data-driven irrigation decisions, and prevent infiltration problems before they start.

With drought conditions becoming more frequent and severe, understanding how water interacts with soil is no longer optional—it’s a necessity. Soil testing provides the insight needed to maximize every drop, ensuring that water isn’t just applied but actually absorbed and used where it matters most.

Precision Agriculture & Soil Testing

admin@tpslab.com (Sandy Perez) — Mon, 24 Feb 2025 20:09:14 GMT

The Secret to Sustainable Farming

In today’s rapidly evolving agricultural landscape, farmers and commercial producers face an ever-growing challenge: increasing yields while maintaining soil health and sustainability. The key to achieving this balance lies in precision agriculture and soil testing —a science-driven approach that optimizes resource use, reduces waste, and ensures long-term farm profitability.

At TPS Lab , we understand that every field is unique. By implementing precision soil testing, farmers can make informed decisions that not only boost crop productivity but also preserve environmental integrity . Let’s explore how this innovative practice is transforming modern farming.

What Is Precision Agriculture? Precision agriculture is a data-driven farming approach that utilizes technology to assess and manage field variability . Unlike traditional blanket farming methods, precision ag customizes treatments (fertilizers, irrigation, pest control) based on the specific needs of different areas within a field. This minimizes waste, lowers costs, and increases efficiency.

One of the cornerstones of precision agriculture is soil testing —an essential step that provides insights into soil composition, nutrient levels, and overall health. Without it, farmers are blindly applying fertilizers and treatments , often leading to nutrient imbalances and financial losses .

How Soil Testing Enhances Precision Agriculture Soil testing is more than just a routine check-up—it is the foundation of a precision-based farming system. Here’s how:

Optimized Nutrient Management
Soil tests provide a detailed breakdown of essential nutrients (N, P, K, pH levels, micronutrients) in different areas of the field.
With this data, farmers can apply fertilizers more accurately , ensuring crops receive the exact nutrients they need—no more, no less.

Reduced Input Costs & Higher Yields
Unnecessary fertilizer applications lead to waste and extra costs . Soil testing prevents overuse , maximizing every dollar spent on inputs.
Healthy, well-balanced soils promote stronger plant growth , resulting in higher yields and improved crop quality .

Improved Soil Health & Sustainability
Continuous farming depletes soil nutrients over time. Precision soil testing helps farmers replenish what is missing, avoiding long-term degradation.
Maintaining soil health reduces the need for excessive chemical applications, leading to eco-friendly and sustainable farming practices .

Site-Specific Crop Recommendations
Different parts of a field may have varying soil compositions . Precision soil testing allows for customized seeding and fertilization plans , ensuring maximum efficiency.

Enhanced Water Management & Drought Resilience
Soil testing identifies moisture retention capacity , guiding better irrigation strategies to conserve water and protect crops during dry seasons.

The TPS Lab Advantage:

 Taking Precision Farming to the Next Level At TPS Lab , we offer advanced soil testing services that go beyond basic analysis. Our detailed reports provide actionable insights to help farmers and agronomists make precision-driven decisions .

Custom Fertility Programs – Personalized nutrient management plans tailored to your soil’s specific needs.
In-Depth Microbial Analysis – Assessing biological activity in your soil to optimize plant health.
Real-Time Monitoring – Innovative solutions for tracking soil changes and adjusting strategies throughout the season.
Expert Consultation – Our specialists work directly with farmers to interpret results and implement best practices .

Invest in Your Soil, Invest in Your Future

Precision agriculture, powered by scientific soil testing , is the key to sustainable, profitable farming . By making data-driven decisions , farmers can achieve higher yields, reduce costs, and protect their land for generations to come .

At TPS Lab, we are committed to providing the best soil testing solutions to help you grow smarter, not harder .

�� Ready to optimize your farm’s potential? Contact TPS Lab today to schedule your precision soil analysis!

How Ash from Wildfires Affects Soil and Water

admin@tpslab.com (Sandy Perez) — Mon, 17 Feb 2025 16:19:35 GMT

What Growers Should Watch For

Wildfires are an increasing concern in many agricultural regions, and while the immediate damage to crops and landscapes is evident, the lingering effects of ash on soil and water quality are often overlooked. For growers, understanding how ash influences soil chemistry and plant health is essential to making informed management decisions.

How Ash Affects Soil

Ash is primarily composed of fine mineral particles, charred organic matter, and residual elements from burned vegetation and structures. While it can initially provide a temporary nutrient boost, the long-term impact on soil health depends on several factors, including the fire’s intensity, the composition of burned materials, and post-fire weather conditions.

1. Changes in Soil pH

Wildfire ash is often alkaline, meaning it can increase soil pH when deposited in large amounts. For crops that thrive in slightly acidic to neutral conditions, such as fruit trees, vegetables, and grains, this shift can reduce nutrient availability. It’s important to conduct a soil pH test after significant ash exposure to determine if corrective measures, such as elemental sulfur or acidifying fertilizers, are needed.

2. Nutrient Imbalances

Ash contains various nutrients, including calcium, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus. While these can be beneficial in moderation, high concentrations may disrupt the balance of essential nutrients . Excessive potassium, for example, can interfere with calcium and magnesium uptake, leading to deficiencies that weaken plant structures and reduce yields.

3. Heavy Metal Contamination

If buildings, vehicles, or treated wood burned in the fire, the resulting ash may contain toxic heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury. These contaminants can persist in the soil and accumulate in plant tissues, posing a risk to human and animal health. Heavy metal testing is recommended for growers near wildfire-affected areas to assess soil safety before planting food crops.

4. Water Repellency (Hydrophobicity)

Severe wildfires can cause hydrophobic soil conditions , where organic compounds in ash create a water-resistant layer on the soil surface. This can lead to increased runoff, erosion, and poor water infiltration , making it difficult for crops to establish roots and access moisture. Aerating the soil, adding organic matter, and using soil wetting agents can help restore water retention capacity.

How Ash Affects Water Quality

Ash that washes into water sources can alter water pH, increase sedimentation, and introduce contaminants . For farmers relying on well water or surface irrigation, monitoring water quality after wildfires is crucial.

1. Elevated TDS and Alkalinity

Ash dissolves in water, raising Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and increasing alkalinity . High TDS levels can contribute to soil salinity issues , reducing plant water uptake and stressing crops. Regular water testing helps ensure salinity levels remain within safe limits.

2. Presence of Heavy Metals

If ash contains heavy metals, they can leach into groundwater or surface water, creating long-term contamination risks . Growers using well water should conduct periodic heavy metal testing to ensure it remains safe for irrigation and livestock.

3. Increased Sediment Load

Ash-laden runoff can carry fine particles into reservoirs and irrigation channels, leading to clogging of drip irrigation systems and reducing water quality. Filtration and sediment control measures can help mitigate these issues.

Steps Growers Can Take

Conduct Soil Testing – A Plant Natural Soil Test can assess pH, nutrient balance, and potential contamination from ash deposits.
Test for Heavy Metals – Particularly important in areas where structures burned, as toxic elements may have been released.
Monitor Water Quality – Regular testing ensures irrigation water remains safe for crops and livestock.
Manage Soil pH and Nutrients – Apply amendments as needed to maintain optimal soil conditions for plant growth.
Prevent Erosion and Water Runoff – Using cover crops, organic mulches, or erosion control measures can help retain soil structure and prevent nutrient loss.
Flush Irrigation Systems – If using surface water or well water affected by ash, check and clean filtration systems regularly.

Conclusion

While wildfire ash can have both positive and negative effects on soil and water, proactive testing and management are key to mitigating risks. By staying informed and taking early action, growers can protect their land and ensure continued agricultural productivity.

For those concerned about ash impacts on their farm, TPS Lab offers comprehensive soil and water testing services to help identify and address potential issues. Contact us today to learn more about how we can support your soil health and crop success!

Bringing Soil Back to Life

admin@tpslab.com (Sandy Perez) — Mon, 10 Feb 2025 19:47:43 GMT

How Biological Inoculants Restore Depleted Pastures

The Challenge of Declining Soil Health

Soil is the foundation of every successful agricultural operation, but for many ranchers, keeping pastures productive is an ongoing battle. Years of intensive grazing, drought, and soil depletion can leave fields unable to sustain forage production, forcing tough decisions about herd size and profitability.

That’s exactly where Devan Nelsen of Five Star Hereford Ranch found himself. With failing pastures and declining soil quality, he was considering selling off his herd—until he was introduced to a soil-first approach using Bio S.I.’s biological inoculants, paired with soil testing from TPS Lab.

The result? Instead of giving up on his land, he restored it. Over the course of five years, his pastures transformed from struggling to sustainable, productive grazing land.

This isn’t just one success story—it’s a demonstration of how understanding and managing soil biology can make all the difference.

What Are Soil Inoculants, and Why Do They Work?

Soil inoculants are biological products that introduce beneficial microbes into the soil —specifically, bacteria and fungi that play critical roles in nutrient cycling, organic matter decomposition, and root health.

Unlike synthetic fertilizers, which supply nutrients directly, biological inoculants improve the soil’s natural ability to unlock, retain, and cycle nutrients over time.

The key benefits of these microbial inoculants include:

Breaking Down Organic Matter – Soil microbes convert plant residues into stable organic compounds that improve soil structure and nutrient retention.
Fixing Atmospheric Nitrogen – Certain bacteria, like rhizobia and free-living nitrogen fixers, pull nitrogen from the air and convert it into plant-available forms.
Solubilizing Nutrients – Microbial activity releases phosphorus and other minerals locked in the soil, making them available to plant roots.
Restoring Microbial Balance – Overuse of synthetic fertilizers and herbicides can disrupt soil microbiology. Inoculants help rebuild a thriving microbial population.
Improving Soil Structure & Water Infiltration – Fungal networks and microbial exudates enhance soil aggregation, reducing compaction and increasing moisture-holding capacity.

For pastures and grazing lands, these biological functions are essential for long-term sustainability . Without an active microbial community, soil depletes rapidly, forage struggles, and drought conditions hit harder.

Why Soil Testing Is Critical Before Applying Biological Inoculants

While soil inoculants offer tremendous benefits, they are not a one-size-fits-all solution. Their effectiveness depends on the existing soil conditions, including:

✅ Soil pH: Microbial populations thrive within specific pH ranges. If the soil is too acidic or alkaline, microbial effectiveness is reduced.

✅ Nutrient Imbalances: If key nutrients like phosphorus, potassium, or sulfur are missing, inoculants won’t have enough raw materials to cycle effectively.

✅ Soil Organic Matter Levels: Microbial life depends on organic carbon sources. Depleted soils often require organic amendments alongside inoculants.

✅ Compaction & Aeration Issues: If soil is heavily compacted, beneficial microbes struggle to establish themselves and interact with plant roots.

This is why soil testing is a critical first step. By analyzing nutrient levels, organic matter, and pH, we can determine what corrections need to be made before inoculants are applied—ensuring they work to their full potential.

At TPS Lab, we don’t just provide test results—we provide actionable recommendations based on your specific soil conditions and production goals.

How to Use Soil Inoculants for Maximum Benefit

Simply applying a microbial inoculant isn’t enough. The right application strategy can mean the difference between average results and full pasture restoration.

1️⃣ Test the Soil First – Before applying inoculants, identify limiting factors (pH, compaction, nutrient deficiencies) so you can address them.

2️⃣ Apply Inoculants at the Right Time – Microbial products work best when soil temperatures are moderate (above 55°F) and there is adequate soil moisture. Dry conditions can slow microbial activity.

3️⃣ Pair with Regenerative Practices – To maximize microbial longevity, implement practices like rotational grazing, reduced tillage, and organic amendments to support biological activity.

4️⃣ Be Consistent – Soil biology doesn’t change overnight. A multi-year plan ensures the microbial population is built up and sustained over time.

5️⃣ Monitor & Adjust – Follow up with soil testing to track improvements and make adjustments as needed. Soil is dynamic, and continual assessment ensures long-term productivity.

Long-Term Benefits for Ranchers & Farmers

For ranchers like Devan Nelsen, soil restoration meant keeping his herd, improving pasture quality, and reducing input costs over time. Instead of fighting against nature, he worked with soil biology to bring back the natural productivity of his land .

This approach isn’t limited to grazing operations—it applies to row crops, orchards, and regenerative farming systems alike. The science is clear : when soil microbes thrive, the entire agricultural system benefits.

If your land is struggling with declining fertility, poor water retention, or weak forage growth , there is a solution.

�� Call TPS Lab at 956-383-0739 or visit �� www.tpslab.com to get started with a soil health plan tailored to your operation.

�� Have questions? Drop a comment below or share your experience with soil inoculants!

The Water Crisis: A Confluence of Challenges

admin@tpslab.com (Sandy Perez) — Mon, 03 Feb 2025 19:20:28 GMT

The Rio Grande Valley (RGV), a region celebrated for its fertile lands and agricultural productivity, is currently confronting a severe water crisis that threatens its farming community and the broader economy. A combination of prolonged drought, international water management challenges, and economic repercussions has led to significant losses in farmland and crop yields.

The RGV's water scarcity stems from several interrelated factors:

Prolonged Drought : The region has been experiencing a megadrought, exacerbated by climate change, leading to historically low water levels in reservoirs and rivers. The Rio Grande, a lifeline for the valley's agriculture, has seen diminished flows, impacting irrigation and crop yields. drought.gov

International Water Management : The 1944 Water Treaty between the U.S. and Mexico mandates that Mexico deliver 350,000 acre-feet of water annually to the U.S. from six tributaries. However, in recent cycles, Mexico has struggled to meet these obligations, leading to tensions and uncertainty among U.S. farmers who rely on this water for irrigation. As of mid-2024, Mexico had delivered only about 425,000 acre-feet of water, approximately one-quarter of its obligation for the current five-year cycle ending in October 2025. agrilifetoday.tamu.edu

Economic Repercussions: Closure of the Sugar Mill

The water shortage has had tangible economic impacts. In early 2024, the Rio Grande Valley Sugar Growers, Inc. announced the permanent closure of Texas' only sugar mill after over 50 years of operation. The decision was attributed to the ongoing water issues stemming from Mexico's challenges under the 1944 Water Treaty. This closure not only signifies the end of a significant agricultural enterprise but also results in the loss of approximately 500 jobs and an estimated $100 million economic impact on the region. rgvisionmagazine.com

Impact on Farmland and Crop Production

The drought has led to substantial losses in farmland and crop yields:

Row Crops : In 2006, during a severe drought, dryland growers in the Valley lost 75% of their cotton acreage, 86% of their corn acreage, and 43% of their grain sorghum acres. agrilifetoday.tamu.edu

Citrus : Citrus growers are forecasting a 20% to 30% crop loss based on available water resources, with concerns that prolonged drought could lead to the death of trees, requiring years to reestablish productive orchards. rgvisionmagazine.co

Economic Impact : A report from Texas A&M University estimated that a complete lack of irrigation water for crop production in the Lower Rio Grande Valley in 2024 would result in a direct revenue loss of approximately $495.8 million. agrilifetoday.tamu.edu

Recent Developments: Amendments to the Water Treaty

In an attempt to address the recurring water delivery issues, the U.S. and Mexico reached an agreement in November 2024 to amend the 1944 Water Treaty. The amendment, known as "Minute 331," aims to increase the reliability and predictability of water deliveries from Mexico to the U.S. It provides Mexico with tools and flexibility to deliver water earlier in the five-year cycle, including better coordination on water conservation and utilization of alternative water sources. While this agreement offers a framework for improved cooperation, its effectiveness will depend on implementation and adherence by both parties. agrilifetoday.tamu.edu

In response to the ongoing water crisis, farmers in the Rio Grande Valley (RGV) are adopting innovative strategies to conserve water and sustain their agricultural operations. These adaptive measures are crucial for maintaining productivity amid challenging environmental conditions.

Adoption of Drip Irrigation Systems

One significant advancement is the shift towards drip irrigation systems. Unlike traditional irrigation methods that can result in substantial water loss due to evaporation and runoff, drip irrigation delivers water directly to the plant roots through a network of tubes and emitters. This targeted approach minimizes water waste and enhances efficiency. Organizations such as the Hub of Prosperity and the Sentli Center for Regenerative Agriculture are at the forefront of promoting these sustainable practices. They conduct educational workshops to guide local farmers on implementing drip irrigation, composting, and rainwater collection techniques. truchargv.com

Transition to Drought-Resistant Crops

Farmers are also diversifying their crop selections by planting drought-resistant varieties. These crops are bred to withstand low-water conditions, reducing the overall irrigation demand. This strategy not only conserves water but also ensures a more resilient agricultural output during periods of scarcity. truchargv.com

Implementation of Dry-Land Farming Techniques

Dry-land farming techniques are being employed to optimize water usage. This approach involves farming practices that rely on natural rainfall, reducing dependence on irrigation. Techniques such as soil moisture conservation, mulching, and selecting appropriate planting times help maximize the effectiveness of available water. truchargv.com

Community and Educational Support

Community organizations play a vital role in supporting farmers through education and resources. The Hub of Prosperity and the Sentli Center for Regenerative Agriculture, for instance, are instrumental in educating small local farmers and the community on sustainable farming practices. They host workshops and provide guidance on conscious farming methods, including drip irrigation, composting, and rainwater collection. truchargv.com

Policy Interventions

Policy measures are also being introduced to support farmers. For example, Texas Agriculture Commissioner Sid Miller issued an executive order allowing farmers and ranchers to access overflow water from the Rio Grande for irrigation purposes. This initiative aims to utilize excess water that would otherwise be lost, providing immediate relief to the agricultural community. texasagriculture.gov

Looking Ahead: Building Resilience

The water challenges facing the Rio Grande Valley underscore the need for long-term strategies to build resilience in the agricultural sector. This includes investing in water-efficient technologies, diversifying crops to include more drought-tolerant varieties, and fostering collaborative water management practices between the U.S. and Mexico.

While recent treaty amendments offer a glimmer of hope, the path to water security will require sustained effort, innovation, and cooperation among all stakeholders. TPS Lab remains committed to supporting farmers through these trials, providing the expertise and resources necessary to adapt and thrive in an increasingly water-scarce environment.

The Role of TPS Lab: Supporting Farmers Through Adversity

In these challenging times, TPS Lab stands as a steadfast partner for RGV farmers. Understanding the critical importance of efficient water use and soil health, TPS Lab offers a range of services designed to help farmers optimize their resources:

Soil Testing and Analysis : By conducting comprehensive soil tests, TPS Lab provides farmers with detailed insights into soil nutrient levels, pH, and organic matter content. This information is crucial for making informed decisions about fertilization and crop selection, especially under water-limited conditions.
Irrigation Water Analysis : Assessing the quality of available irrigation water ensures that it meets the specific needs of different crops and prevents potential issues related to salinity or contaminants.
Customized Fertilization Programs : Based on soil and water analyses, TPS Lab develops tailored fertilization programs that enhance nutrient uptake efficiency, promoting healthy crop growth even with restricted water availability.
Consulting Services : TPS Lab's agronomists offer expert advice on crop management practices, irrigation scheduling, and drought mitigation strategies, empowering farmers to navigate the current challenges effectively.

By leveraging these services, farmers can improve water use efficiency, maintain soil fertility, and sustain crop yields, thereby mitigating some of the adverse effects of the ongoing water crisis.

In conclusion, the Rio Grande Valley's water crisis is a complex interplay of environmental, political, and economic factors. Addressing it will demand a multifaceted approach, combining immediate support for affected farmers with long-term initiatives aimed at sustainable water management and agricultural practices.

Mastering Soil pH Management for Healthier Crops

admin@tpslab.com (Sandy Perez) — Wed, 29 Jan 2025 16:46:02 GMT

Soil pH plays a critical role in determining nutrient availability, microbial activity, and overall plant health. Managing soil pH effectively can mean the difference between a thriving crop and one that struggles to meet its potential. This guide will explore practical strategies for balancing soil pH, drawing from expert insights—including those from "Ask the Plant" by Charles Walters and Esper K. Chandler, a valuable resource for modern growers.

Understanding Soil pH and Its Impact

Soil pH is a measure of acidity or alkalinity, ranging from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. Most crops prefer a pH range between 6.0 and 7.0, though some species have specific preferences. When soil pH drifts too high or too low, nutrient availability shifts, sometimes leading to deficiencies or toxicities.

According to Ask the Plant , "The real work of soil pH is not in an arbitrary number, but in its effect on biological and chemical processes within the soil matrix." Understanding this interaction is key to making informed soil amendments.

Symptoms of Soil pH Imbalance

Acidic Soils (pH < 6.0) : Reduced availability of phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium. Increased solubility of toxic elements like aluminum and manganese.
Alkaline Soils (pH > 7.5) : Reduced availability of iron, manganese, zinc, and phosphorus. Potential buildup of sodium, leading to poor soil structure.

Testing and Monitoring Soil pH

Routine soil testing is essential for effective pH management. Regular monitoring allows farmers to adjust inputs proactively rather than reacting to visible nutrient deficiencies. As Walters and Chandler note, "The soil test is not an end in itself, but a tool to understand the deeper story of soil chemistry and biology."

Correcting Acidic Soils

Lime Applications

Applying agricultural lime (calcium carbonate) is the most common method of raising soil pH. The amount required depends on soil texture and buffering capacity.

Other Amendments

Dolomitic Lime : Provides both calcium and magnesium.
Wood Ash : A natural, potassium-rich alternative.
Composted Organic Matter : Enhances biological buffering and pH stability.

Correcting Alkaline Soils

Sulfur-Based Amendments

We recommend bentonite sulfur over elemental sulfur, as it is more active and provides a more efficient pH-lowering effect. Ammonium sulfate and gypsum can also help lower soil pH, making micronutrients more available.

Organic Matter Incorporation

Adding compost, peat, or manure helps acidify soil over time, improving microbial activity and nutrient uptake.

Long-Term pH Management Strategies

Crop Rotation : Selecting crops suited to current soil pH or those that naturally improve soil conditions.
Cover Crops : Legumes and deep-rooted plants help mobilize nutrients and buffer pH swings.
Precision Fertilization : Adjusting nutrient inputs based on actual soil needs rather than applying generic formulas.

Soil pH management is not just about maintaining a number—it’s about creating an optimal environment for plant growth and soil health. By integrating testing, targeted amendments, and biological strategies, farmers can ensure long-term productivity.

As Chandler and Walters emphasize in "Ask the Plant": "Soil health is not static. It is a dynamic, living system that responds to the choices we make season after season." Understanding and managing soil pH is a foundational step toward sustainable, profitable agriculture.

Improving Soil Health with Organic Supplements

admin@tpslab.com (Sandy Perez) — Mon, 20 Jan 2025 15:30:05 GMT

Soil health is the foundation of a productive farm. A healthy soil not only supports plant growth but also enhances water retention, nutrient availability, and disease suppression. For farmers in South Texas and beyond, improving soil health is vital for sustainable agriculture and long-term profitability. One of the most effective ways to achieve this is by incorporating organic amendments. Let’s explore how organic materials can transform your soil and highlight the best options for your operation.

Why Focus on Soil Health?

Healthy soil is teeming with life—from beneficial microbes to earthworms—all working together to improve soil structure and fertility. Organic amendments add carbon, nutrients, and biologically active compounds that feed soil organisms and enhance soil properties. Here are some key benefits of focusing on soil health:

Improved Nutrient Cycling: Organic amendments release nutrients slowly, ensuring plants have access to essential elements over time.
Enhanced Water Retention: Organic matter increases soil’s ability to hold water, reducing irrigation needs.
Better Soil Structure: Adding organic materials improves soil aggregation, aeration, and drainage.
Reduced Erosion: Healthy soil resists erosion by binding particles together, protecting valuable topsoil.
Enhanced Resilience: Soils rich in organic matter are better equipped to handle stress from drought, salinity, and temperature fluctuations.

Best Organic Amendments for Soil Health

Here are the top organic amendments that can make a real difference in your soil:

1. Amino Acid-Based Fertilizers

Amino acid-based fertilizers, such as CSL+, are powerful tools for improving soil and plant health. These biostimulants provide a direct source of nitrogen, carbon, and other organic compounds that feed soil microbes and plants.

Benefits:
Quick absorption by plants, reducing nitrogen losses.
Supports microbial activity, improving nutrient cycling.
Enhances plant vigor and stress tolerance.
How to Use: Apply 0.5 to 1 quart per acre as a foliar spray or through drip irrigation for consistent results.

2. Compost

Compost is a well-known organic amendment, and for good reason. Whether it’s yard waste compost, manure-based compost, or vermicompost, this material is rich in organic matter and nutrients.

Benefits:
Adds stable organic matter, improving soil structure and water retention.
Supplies a diverse array of nutrients.
Introduces beneficial microbes to the soil.
How to Use: Apply 2-5 tons per acre annually, depending on soil needs and crop requirements. Work the compost into the top 6-8 inches of soil.

3. Humic Acid

Humic acids, derived from leonardite or other organic sources, are a concentrated form of organic matter that enhances soil chemistry and biology.

Benefits:
Improves nutrient uptake by chelating nutrients.
Enhances soil’s cation exchange capacity (CEC).
Promotes microbial growth and activity.
How to Use: Apply 1-2 gallons per acre through irrigation systems or as a soil drench.

4. Sulfur

Sulfur is an essential nutrient for plants and a powerful tool for improving soil conditions, particularly in alkaline soils like those found in South Texas.

Benefits:
Lowers soil pH, making nutrients more available.
Enhances microbial activity in the rhizosphere.
Provides a vital nutrient for plant protein synthesis.
How to Use: Apply elemental sulfur at rates of 200-500 lbs per acre or use a sulfur-based liquid amendment.

5. Manures

Manures, such as poultry litter, cattle manure, or sheep manure, are excellent sources of organic matter and nutrients.

Benefits:
Adds nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements.
Enhances soil’s water-holding capacity.
Promotes microbial diversity.
How to Use : Compost raw manure before application to reduce the risk of pathogens and nutrient runoff. Apply 5-10 tons per acre, based on soil tests and crop needs.

6. Gypsum

Gypsum, or calcium sulfate, is a soil amendment that improves soil structure and provides key nutrients.

Benefits:
Supplies calcium and sulfur without altering soil pH.
Reduces soil compaction and crusting.
Improves water infiltration in heavy clay soils.
How to Use: Apply 1-2 tons per acre for soil improvement or as needed based on soil tests.

7. Crop Residues

Incorporating crop residues, such as straw or corn stover, into the soil is a cost-effective way to build organic matter.

Benefits:
Adds carbon to the soil.
Protects the soil surface from erosion.
Stimulates microbial activity during decomposition.
How to Use: Chop residues finely and incorporate them into the soil after harvest.

Building a Soil Health Management Plan

To get the most out of organic amendments, follow these steps to build a comprehensive soil health management plan:

Test Your Soil: Start with a soil test to determine nutrient levels, pH, and organic matter content.
Identify Goals: Decide whether you need to improve fertility, reduce compaction, or address salinity issues.
Choose the Right Amendments: Select organic amendments based on your soil’s specific needs.
Apply Amendments Correctly: Follow recommended application rates and methods to ensure uniform distribution.
Monitor Results: Regularly test your soil to track improvements and adjust your program as needed.

Combining Organic Amendments for Maximum Impact

Organic amendments often work best in combination. For example:

Use compost as a base amendment to build organic matter.
Apply amino acid-based fertilizers like CSL+ for a quick nutrient boost.
Incorporate humic acids to improve nutrient availability.
Use sulfur or gypsum to address specific soil chemistry issues.

By combining these amendments, you create a synergistic effect that accelerates soil improvement and enhances crop performance.

Overcoming Challenges

Improving soil health with organic amendments requires careful planning and management. Here are some common challenges and tips for overcoming them:

Nutrient Imbalances: Use soil tests to guide amendment choices and avoid over-application.
Cost Concerns: Focus on high-impact amendments like amino acid fertilizers and compost, which offer the best return on investment.

Labor and Time: Simplify application processes by using liquid amendments like humic acid or CSL+.

Conclusion

Investing in soil health is one of the smartest decisions a farmer can make. By incorporating organic amendments like amino acid-based fertilizers, compost, humic acid, sulfur, manures, and gypsum, you can create a resilient, productive soil that supports your crops year after year. Start with a soil test, choose the right amendments, and watch your soil’s health and your farm’s profitability soar.

To learn more about improving soil health and choosing the best organic amendments for your farm, contact us at TPS Lab. We’re here to help you grow the best produce with scientifically backed solutions.

Heavy Metal Testing in Agriculture

admin@tpslab.com (Sandy Perez) — Wed, 15 Jan 2025 16:23:57 GMT

Safeguarding Soil, Crops, and Consumers

In the modern agricultural landscape, sustainability and safety are more critical than ever. Heavy metal contamination in soil and water can have profound consequences for crop health, food safety, and long-term soil fertility. Understanding the importance of heavy metal testing and how it can be incorporated into a farm management plan is essential for every grower.

This article explores the risks posed by heavy metals, the benefits of testing, and actionable steps to ensure your farming practices are both productive and responsible.

What Are Heavy Metals, and Why Do They Matter in Agriculture?

Heavy metals are naturally occurring elements with high atomic weights and densities. Some common examples include:

Essential for Plant Growth: Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn)
Potentially Harmful in High Concentrations: Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Arsenic (As), Mercury (Hg), Chromium (Cr)

While certain heavy metals like zinc and manganese are micronutrients necessary for plant growth, others, such as lead and cadmium, can be toxic to plants, animals, and humans even in trace amounts.

Sources of Heavy Metal Contamination

Heavy metal contamination in agriculture can stem from a variety of sources:

Industrial Pollution: Proximity to factories or industrial waste disposal sites.
Irrigation with Contaminated Water: Use of water sources polluted by heavy metals.
Fertilizers and Pesticides: Some fertilizers, especially those derived from rock phosphate, and certain pesticides can introduce heavy metals into the soil.
Organic Amendments: Biosolids and manure may also contain heavy metals if not properly processed.
Atmospheric Deposition: Airborne pollutants settling on soil or water surfaces.

Why Should Farmers Test for Heavy Metals?

Heavy metal testing is a proactive step toward maintaining a safe and sustainable agricultural system. Here are several reasons why testing is vital:

1. Protect Crop Health

Heavy metals can interfere with plant metabolic processes, leading to:

Reduced growth
Poor yields
Nutritional imbalances

2. Ensure Food Safety

Heavy metals can accumulate in edible plant parts, posing risks to human health. For example:

Lead and cadmium are linked to kidney and bone diseases.
Arsenic exposure can increase cancer risk.

3. Maintain Soil Fertility

Excessive heavy metals can alter soil pH, kill beneficial microbes, and degrade soil structure over time.

4. Regulatory Compliance

Many regions have strict limits on heavy metal content in agricultural products. Testing helps ensure compliance and avoids potential market restrictions.

How Is Heavy Metal Testing Performed?

1. Soil Sampling

Testing begins with representative soil samples. Collect samples from different sections of your field to account for variability. Composite samples are then sent to a laboratory for analysis.

2. Water Testing

If irrigation water is a potential source of contamination, testing its heavy metal content is equally important.

3. Crop Testing

Testing plant tissue or harvested produce provides direct insight into potential food safety issues.

Interpreting Test Results

Lab reports typically include the concentrations of heavy metals in parts per million (ppm) or milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg). Understanding these results requires comparison against established thresholds for:

Soil health
Irrigation water quality
Food safety (e.g., Codex Alimentarius standards)

For example, the US EPA sets a maximum soil lead level of 400 ppm for residential areas, which is a useful reference for agricultural fields as well.

Mitigating Heavy Metal Contamination

1. Adjust Soil pH

Most heavy metals are more bioavailable in acidic soils. Liming to increase pH can reduce their uptake by plants.

2. Organic Matter Addition

Incorporating compost or biochar can bind heavy metals, making them less available to plants.

3. Phytoremediation

Certain plants, like sunflowers and mustard, are effective at extracting heavy metals from soil. After harvesting, these plants must be disposed of carefully to prevent recontamination.

4. Use Clean Inputs

Choose fertilizers, pesticides, and organic amendments with low heavy metal contents. Request certificates of analysis from suppliers.

5. Regular Monitoring

Consistent testing allows for early detection and timely intervention, minimizing long-term risks.

The Economic Benefits of Heavy Metal Testing

While testing represents an upfront cost, it often saves money in the long run by:

Preventing yield losses
Avoiding product recalls
Securing access to premium markets

Heavy Metal Testing with TPS Lab

At TPS Lab, we specialize in comprehensive soil and crop testing services, including heavy metal analysis. Our expertise extends beyond testing to include actionable recommendations tailored to your farm’s unique needs. Here's how we can help:

Fast turnaround times: Get results within a few days.
Accurate and detailed reports: Easy-to-understand data with practical guidance.
Ongoing support: Expert advice on remediation and prevention strategies.

Heavy metal testing is not just an environmental or regulatory concern; it is a cornerstone of responsible and sustainable farming. By identifying and mitigating risks, farmers can protect their crops, ensure food safety, and enhance soil health for future generations.

Ready to take the next step? Contact TPS Lab at info@tpslab.com or call us at 956-383-0739 to learn more about our heavy metal testing services and how we can support your agricultural journey.

Let’s work together to keep your soil, crops, and consumers safe—today and tomorrow.

Maximizing Yields with Customized Fertilizer Recommendations

admin@tpslab.com (Sandy Perez) — Mon, 06 Jan 2025 15:29:57 GMT

In the world of agriculture, the quest for higher yields and better crop quality never ends. Farmers face numerous challenges, from unpredictable weather patterns to soil health issues and pest infestations. Among these, optimizing soil fertility remains one of the most controllable factors influencing yield potential. Customized fertilizer recommendations tailored to your specific crop, soil type, and local growing conditions can significantly boost productivity and profitability.

At TPS Lab, we specialize in creating fertility programs customized for farmers working with any soil type or crop. This personalized approach is designed to ensure your plants receive the precise nutrients they need, exactly when they need them, while minimizing waste and environmental impact.

Why Fertilizer Customization Matters

Every field is unique, even within the same farm. Variations in soil type, organic matter content, drainage, pH, and nutrient levels mean that a one-size-fits-all fertilizer approach often results in suboptimal yields. By analyzing your soil and understanding your crop’s specific needs, customized fertilizer recommendations help:

Optimize Nutrient Availability : Ensuring essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrients are present in the right quantities.

Improve Soil Health : Addressing imbalances and deficiencies that could limit crop performance.

Maximize Resource Efficiency : Reducing fertilizer waste by applying only what’s needed, where it’s needed.

Enhance Environmental Sustainability : Preventing nutrient runoff and protecting local ecosystems.

Boost Yield and Quality : Unlocking the full potential of your crop.

Steps to Create a Customized Fertility Program

1. Comprehensive Soil Testing

Soil testing is the foundation of any effective fertilizer program. A detailed soil analysis reveals:

pH levels

Nutrient deficiencies or toxicities

Organic matter content

Cation exchange capacity (CEC)

At TPS Lab, we provide advanced soil testing services, including recommendations based on the principles of nutrient balance and plant health optimization.

2. Crop-Specific Nutrient Requirements

Different crops have unique nutrient demands. For example, corn requires significant amounts of nitrogen during key growth stages, while tomatoes thrive on a balanced mix of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium with added micronutrients like calcium and magnesium. Customizing fertilizer applications ensures your crop gets exactly what it needs to thrive.

3. Consideration of Local Conditions

Factors like soil type, climate, and water availability play a critical role in nutrient management. Sandy soils may require frequent applications of smaller fertilizer doses, while clay soils often benefit from deep nutrient incorporation.

4. Fertilizer Application Timing

Timing is everything. Crops have specific growth stages where nutrient uptake is most critical. Fertilizers should be applied to coincide with these stages, ensuring nutrients are available when your plants need them the most.

5. Integration of Organic and Inorganic Options

A balanced approach that combines organic amendments, like compost or manure, with inorganic fertilizers can improve soil structure while providing immediate nutrient availability. Our customized recommendations often include a mix of both to achieve the best results.

Real-World Benefits of Customized Fertilizer Programs

Case Study 1: Improving Corn Yields in Rwanda A farmer in Rwanda faced persistent challenges with poor soil fertility and erratic rainfall, which led to consistently low corn yields. By conducting a comprehensive soil test, TPS Lab identified critical nutrient deficiencies, including low levels of nitrogen and phosphorus. We developed a tailored fertility program that included targeted applications of organic matter to improve soil structure, along with carefully timed nitrogen and phosphorus applications to coincide with the corn’s peak nutrient uptake stages. After implementing the program, the farmer reported a remarkable 30% increase in yields within a single growing season. The improved soil fertility also enhanced water retention, helping to mitigate the effects of irregular rainfall.

Case Study 2: Boosting Pepper Production in Texas In South Texas, a grower cultivating exotic peppers, including Bhut Jolokia and Carolina Reaper, struggled with soil compaction, nutrient imbalances, and inconsistent plant health. TPS Lab’s team conducted a thorough soil analysis and recommended a customized fertility program that incorporated amino acid-based fertilizers to address nutrient deficiencies and sulfur applications to improve soil structure. Drip irrigation schedules were optimized to ensure consistent moisture availability. As a result, the grower observed healthier plants, reduced leaf yellowing, and a significant increase in fruit yield and quality. The tailored program not only enhanced productivity but also helped the grower maximize the unique flavors and heat profiles of their peppers.

Addressing Common Fertility Challenges

Acidic or Alkaline Soils :
Solution: Lime applications for acidic soils or sulfur for alkaline soils can correct pH imbalances.

Micronutrient Deficiencies :
Solution: Foliar sprays or soil-applied chelated micronutrients ensure crops get essential elements like zinc, iron, and boron.

Nutrient Runoff :
Solution: Controlled-release fertilizers or split applications minimize nutrient losses.

Compacted Soils :
Solution: Organic amendments and practices like using soil inoculants improve soil structure and root penetration.

The Role of Technology in Fertility Optimization

Modern agriculture leverages advanced technologies to refine fertilizer recommendations further. Tools like soil and sap testing, foliar and drip nutrient applications, and data-driven decision-making are revolutionizing how farmers manage fertility. At TPS Lab, we integrate these tools into our recommendations to ensure you stay ahead in the competitive farming landscape.

Getting Started with TPS Lab

Creating a customized fertilizer program doesn’t have to be complicated. Our team of experts works closely with farmers to develop solutions that meet their unique needs. From soil testing to ongoing support throughout the growing season, we’re committed to helping you achieve maximum yields and sustainable farming practices.

Ready to optimize your fertility program? Contact TPS Lab today to learn how our customized solutions can transform your farming operation.

Understanding Water Quality for Livestock

admin@tpslab.com (Sandy Perez) — Fri, 03 Jan 2025 14:33:50 GMT

Essential Insights for Healthy Herds

Water quality plays a crucial role in livestock health, productivity, and overall well-being. While water is often the most overlooked nutrient in livestock management, its quality can significantly impact animal performance. In this article, we'll explore the critical aspects of water quality for livestock, common issues that affect water sources, and actionable steps you can take to ensure your herd has access to safe, clean water.

Why Water Quality Matters for Livestock

Water is essential for nearly every physiological process in livestock. From regulating body temperature and aiding digestion to facilitating nutrient absorption, water’s importance cannot be overstated. Poor water quality can lead to:

Reduced feed intake and weight gain : Contaminants or unpalatable water can discourage livestock from drinking.
Health issues : Contaminated water can introduce harmful pathogens, toxins, or excessive minerals, causing diseases or chronic health problems.
Lower productivity : Animals that consume poor-quality water may have reduced milk production, growth rates, or reproductive success.

Key Parameters of Water Quality

Several factors determine water quality for livestock. These include:

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) :

TDS measures the concentration of dissolved salts and minerals in water.
Levels below 1,000 mg/L are generally considered safe for most livestock.
Higher levels may lead to health issues, especially in young or pregnant animals.

pH Levels :

Optimal pH for livestock water ranges from 6.0 to 8.5.
Water outside this range can cause digestive issues or reduce water intake.

Microbial Contamination :

Bacteria, viruses, and parasites can contaminate water through fecal matter or decaying organic material.
Pathogens like E. coli and Salmonella can cause serious illnesses.

Nitrate Levels :

Nitrates often enter water sources through fertilizer runoff or decaying plant material.
Levels above 100 mg/L nitrate-nitrogen can be toxic, especially for young livestock.

Sulfur Content :

Elevated sulfur levels (>250 mg/L) can cause diarrhea and interfere with copper absorption, leading to deficiencies.

Hardness and Mineral Content :

High levels of calcium, magnesium, or iron can affect palatability and cause scaling in water delivery systems.

Common Sources of Water Contamination

Understanding how water becomes contaminated helps livestock managers take preventive measures. Some common sources include:

Agricultural runoff : Fertilizers, pesticides, and manure can leach into water sources.
Stagnant water : Ponds or troughs can harbor algae, bacteria, and parasites.
Natural mineral deposits : Groundwater in certain regions may naturally contain high levels of minerals like arsenic, fluoride, or salt.
Industrial pollution : Nearby factories or mining operations can release harmful chemicals into the environment.

Testing and Monitoring Water Quality

Regular water testing is essential to ensure your livestock has access to safe water. A comprehensive water test should include:

TDS and pH levels
Microbial analysis for coliform bacteria and other pathogens
Mineral analysis for nitrates, sulfates, and heavy metals

Testing frequency depends on your water source. For wells or municipal supplies, annual testing may suffice, while surface water like ponds or streams may require more frequent checks, especially during dry spells or after heavy rains.

Addressing Water Quality Issues

When water quality issues arise, proactive steps are essential to mitigate risks:

Filtration and Treatment :

Use filters to remove sediments and suspended solids.
Consider reverse osmosis systems for high TDS or excessive minerals.
UV treatment or chlorination can address microbial contamination.

Aeration :

Aerating water reduces sulfur odors and improves palatability.

Alternative Water Sources :

If natural sources are unreliable, consider drilling a well or using rainwater harvesting systems.

Water Trough Maintenance :

Clean troughs regularly to prevent algae and bacterial growth.
Ensure troughs are positioned to minimize contamination from manure or feed.

Best Practices for Livestock Hydration

To promote optimal water consumption and health, implement these best practices:

Provide adequate access : Ensure all animals have easy access to water, with enough space to prevent competition.
Monitor water intake : Keep an eye on daily consumption rates, which vary by species, size, and environmental conditions.
Protect water sources : Fencing off natural water sources can prevent contamination from livestock or wildlife.
Adapt to seasonal needs : Hot weather increases water requirements, so ensure additional supply during summer months.

Species-Specific Considerations

Different livestock species have varying water quality and quantity needs:

Cattle : High-producing dairy cows need up to 25 gallons of water per day. They are particularly sensitive to high TDS levels.
Sheep and Goats : These animals can tolerate slightly higher TDS levels than cattle but are highly susceptible to nitrate toxicity.
Poultry : Chickens and turkeys are sensitive to microbial contamination and require frequent cleaning of water systems.
Swine : Pigs prefer cooler water and are prone to health issues if water contains high sulfate or nitrate levels.

Conclusion: Investing in Water Quality for Healthier Herds

Ensuring clean, safe water for livestock is not just about compliance with standards—it’s an investment in the health and productivity of your animals. By understanding key water quality parameters, regularly testing and monitoring your water sources, and addressing issues proactively, you can create an environment where your livestock thrives.

Remember, water is the foundation of good livestock management. Clean water leads to healthier animals, better productivity, and a more profitable operation. Don’t overlook this vital resource—because the health of your herd depends on it.

Optimizing Your Soil for Winter

admin@tpslab.com (Sandy Perez) — Mon, 09 Dec 2024 14:33:33 GMT

A Comprehensive Guide

Winter is a crucial time for soil health management, providing an opportunity to address challenges and prepare for a successful spring growing season. Whether you’re cultivating a large commercial farm or a backyard garden, taking the right steps to optimize your soil can make all the difference. Soil testing plays a pivotal role in this process, helping identify nutrient imbalances, pH levels, and potential contaminants.

Since 1938, our Texas-based agricultural testing lab has been assisting growers worldwide. With comprehensive services tailored to the needs of diverse soils and climates, we’re here to support your soil health journey.

Why Winter Soil Preparation is Crucial

Winter brings unique challenges to soil, including nutrient leaching, compaction, and erosion. Proactively preparing your soil during this dormant period helps retain essential nutrients, prevents degradation, and improves soil structure. Proper winter soil care ensures a healthier, more productive foundation for spring planting.

Assessing Soil Health Before Winter

Importance of Soil Testing

Before you begin winter preparations, understanding the current state of your soil is essential. Soil testing provides valuable insights into its pH, fertility, and the presence of contaminants such as heavy metals. These insights guide your approach to soil amendments and fertility management.

Our lab offers a range of services, including agricultural soil testing, garden soil analysis, and heavy metal testing. By partnering with us, you can identify specific issues and develop targeted solutions to improve your soil’s health.

Common Soil Issues Found During Testing

Some common issues that arise during soil testing include:

Nutrient deficiencies (e.g., nitrogen, potassium, or phosphorus)
Imbalanced pH levels, which can hinder nutrient absorption
Contaminants like heavy metals that may affect crop safety

By addressing these issues during winter, you can ensure optimal growing conditions come spring.

Tools for Soil Sampling

Using the right tools ensures accurate soil sampling. Tools such as soil sample probes and soil testers are essential for collecting representative samples. Our lab provides guidelines and support to help clients worldwide collect and submit high-quality samples for analysis.

Steps to Optimize Soil for Winter

Fertilizer and Amendments

Winter is an ideal time to apply fertilizers and amendments tailored to your soil’s needs. Based on your soil test results, you can:

Add lime to correct soil acidity.
Apply organic matter like compost to boost nutrient content and improve soil structure.
Use phosphorus and potassium fertilizers for long-term nutrient availability.

Properly balanced fertilizers enhance soil fertility and prepare your fields, gardens, or lawns for a thriving growing season.

Cover Crops and Mulching

Planting cover crops such as clover, rye, or vetch protects soil during the colder months. These crops reduce erosion, fix nitrogen, and improve organic matter when tilled into the soil in spring. Similarly, applying mulch insulates the soil, reduces compaction, and conserves moisture.

For those unfamiliar with cover crops, our agricultural consulting services can recommend the best options based on your soil type and goals.

Soil Structure Management

Soil compaction can worsen over winter due to heavy precipitation and freezing conditions. To combat this:

Avoid heavy machinery use when the ground is wet or frozen.
Incorporate organic amendments to improve aeration.
Consider aerating compacted soil areas before winter begins.

Our team can analyze soil compaction issues and suggest customized solutions for your unique environment.

How Agricultural Testing Enhances Winter Preparation

Agricultural Consulting Services

With so many options for soil care, professional agricultural consulting ensures you’re on the right track. Whether you’re optimizing large-scale operations or improving backyard gardens, our experts provide tailored recommendations to maximize results.

Plant Sap Testing

Plant sap testing is a powerful tool for monitoring nutrient uptake and crop health. While it’s often used during the growing season, the data can help refine your soil preparation strategy for winter and beyond.

Soil Health Testing for Future Planning

Soil health isn’t just about the current season—it’s a long-term investment. Comprehensive soil testing allows you to track changes over time, ensuring that your land remains fertile and productive. By partnering with us, you gain access to detailed insights for sustainable soil management.

Why Choose Professional Soil Testing for Your Needs

Preparing your soil for winter doesn’t have to be a guessing game. Professional soil testing provides precise data to inform your decisions. Here’s why it’s worth considering:

Customized Recommendations : Lab results provide targeted advice for fertilizers, amendments, and soil treatments.
Accurate Diagnostics : Identify issues like heavy metal contamination or nutrient imbalances that may not be visible to the naked eye.
Global Expertise : Our lab works with clients worldwide, offering insights tailored to diverse soil types and climates.

With over 85 years of experience, our agricultural testing lab delivers trusted results to growers of all sizes.

A Step-by-Step Guide to Submitting a Soil Sample

Submitting a soil sample for testing is straightforward, and accurate sampling is key to obtaining reliable results. Follow these steps:

Gather Tools : Use a soil sample probe or a clean garden trowel and a bucket.
Collect Samples : Take multiple samples from the area you wish to test, mixing them thoroughly in the bucket.
Prepare the Sample : Fill a clean plastic bag or container with the mixed soil.
Label Clearly : Include information such as the location, crop type, and any known soil issues.
Ship to Our Lab : Contact us for shipping guidelines and testing forms.

Our lab will analyze the sample and provide detailed results, along with actionable recommendations.

Winter is a critical time to invest in your soil’s health. By addressing issues now, you set the stage for a productive growing season in the spring. From soil testing and analysis to expert consulting, our lab is here to help you optimize your soil and achieve your agricultural goals.

Don’t wait—contact us today to schedule your soil test and start preparing for a successful spring!

FAQs

1. Why is soil testing important before winter?

Soil testing helps identify nutrient imbalances, pH levels, and potential contaminants. Addressing these issues before winter ensures your soil is well-prepared for spring planting, leading to healthier crops and improved yields.

2. What are the best cover crops for winter soil protection?

Popular cover crops include clover, rye, vetch, and winter wheat. These crops help reduce erosion, fix nitrogen, and improve organic matter, making them ideal for protecting and enriching your soil during the off-season.

3. How often should I test my soil?

For most applications, testing soil every 1-3 years is recommended. However, if you’re dealing with persistent issues or making significant changes to your soil management practices, testing annually can provide better insights.

4. Can I use organic matter as a winter soil amendment?

Absolutely! Adding compost or well-rotted manure in late fall enriches the soil with nutrients and improves its structure. These organic amendments break down over winter, enhancing soil fertility for the next growing season.

5. How does your lab assist with global soil testing needs?

Our lab works with clients worldwide, providing detailed analysis and tailored recommendations regardless of location. We ensure that growers in diverse climates and soil conditions receive expert advice for optimal results.

The Essential Role of Amino Acids in Plant Growth and Development

admin@tpslab.com (Sandy Perez) — Tue, 03 Dec 2024 18:53:41 GMT

Amino Acids in Plant Growth and Development

Understanding plant nutrition is critical for successful agriculture and landscaping. While nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium often take the spotlight, amino acids play a foundational role in plant health and productivity. In this blog, we explore what amino acids are, how they benefit plants, and why incorporating amino acids into your agricultural or landscaping practices can lead to healthier, more resilient crops.

What Are Amino Acids?

Amino acids are organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins, which are essential for virtually all biological processes. In plants, amino acids are involved in critical functions such as:

Photosynthesis : Enhancing the production of chlorophyll, which drives energy conversion in plants.
Stress Resistance : Helping plants withstand environmental stresses such as drought, heat, and disease.
Nutrient Uptake : Improving the absorption and transport of nutrients within the plant.

The Benefits of Amino Acids for Plants

Incorporating amino acids into plant care offers numerous advantages, including:

Enhanced Nutrient Efficiency

Amino acids act as chelating agents, which means they bind with essential nutrients like iron, zinc, and manganese. This improves nutrient availability and uptake, ensuring plants get the nutrition they need.

Improved Stress Tolerance

Whether it’s heat stress, drought, or exposure to toxins, amino acids help plants maintain metabolic balance. This makes them a critical tool for managing stress in crops, especially in regions with challenging growing conditions.

Boosted Growth and Yield

By promoting protein synthesis and cell division, amino acids contribute to faster growth and higher yields. They are particularly beneficial during critical growth stages such as flowering and fruiting.

Disease Resistance

Certain amino acids, like proline and cysteine, strengthen the plant’s natural defenses against fungal infections and pest attacks. This makes amino acids an excellent addition to integrated pest management (IPM) programs.

Using Amino Acids Effectively

When using amino acid-based biostimulants like the product CSL+ , here are some best practices:

Application Timing : Apply during critical growth stages or periods of environmental stress.
Dosage : Follow recommended application rates for your crop type and soil conditions.
Compatibility : Amino acids can often be combined with other fertilizers or treatments, improving overall efficiency.

Why Amino Acids Are a Smart Investment

Investing in amino acid treatments not only supports healthier plants but also delivers long-term economic benefits. Healthier crops mean less need for chemical inputs, lower stress-related losses, and higher yields. Additionally, amino acids are environmentally friendly, making them a sustainable choice for growers.

Why Choose TPS Lab for Amino Acid Solutions?

At TPS Lab, we specialize in helping farmers and landscapers achieve optimal results through tailored solutions. Our CSL+ biostimulant is an amino acid-based product specifically designed to enhance plant health and stress resistance.

Whether you’re managing a turf lawn, cultivating crops, or growing specialty plants, our experts can guide you on how to incorporate amino acids into your practices. Contact us at 956-383-0739 to learn more.

FAQs

Q: How are amino acids different from traditional fertilizers?

A: Unlike traditional fertilizers, which supply nutrients directly, amino acids improve the plant’s ability to absorb and use nutrients more effectively.

Q: Are amino acids safe for the environment?

A: Yes, amino acids are derived from natural sources and are biodegradable, making them an eco-friendly choice.

Composting for Beginners

admin@tpslab.com (Sandy Perez) — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 15:37:39 GMT

A Simple Guide to Turning Scraps Into Soil Gold

Composting is one of the easiest ways to reduce household waste while creating a nutrient-rich amendment for your garden. If you’ve been tossing banana peels and coffee grounds into the trash, it’s time to rethink those "waste" items—they’re garden gold in the making! This beginner-friendly guide will walk you through the basics of composting at home, including tips on getting started, what to include (and avoid), and how testing your compost can take your results to the next level.

Why Compost?

Composting is a natural process that turns organic materials like kitchen scraps and yard waste into a nutrient-dense material called humus. The benefits are endless:

Reduce landfill waste: Up to 30% of household waste can be composted.
Save money: Compost improves soil health, reducing the need for chemical fertilizers.
Boost plant growth: It provides essential nutrients that help plants thrive.

Getting Started with Composting

Starting a compost pile or bin at home is easier than you might think. Here’s what you’ll need to get started:

Pick Your Spot
Choose a location for your compost bin or pile. A shaded, well-drained area is ideal. If you’re tight on space, a compact compost tumbler works well for patios or small yards.
Select Your Bin
While you can create a compost pile directly on the ground, many beginners prefer a bin to keep things tidy and contained. Look for bins with good ventilation to help the composting process.
Understand the Basics
Composting relies on a balance of "greens" (nitrogen-rich materials) and "browns" (carbon-rich materials).

Greens: Fruit and vegetable scraps, coffee grounds, grass clippings.
Browns: Dry leaves, shredded paper, cardboard, straw.

A good rule of thumb is a 2:1 ratio of browns to greens. This balance ensures proper decomposition without unpleasant odors.

Layer and Aerate
Layer greens and browns as you add materials to your bin. Turn the pile every week or two to add oxygen, which speeds up decomposition.
Water It Down
Your compost pile should feel like a damp sponge—not too wet or too dry. Sprinkle water as needed to maintain moisture.

What to Include—and What to Avoid

Not everything belongs in your compost pile. Here’s a quick cheat sheet:
✅ Compost These:

Fruit and veggie scraps
Coffee grounds and tea bags
Eggshells
Grass clippings
Dry leaves
Shredded paper (uncoated)

❌ Avoid These:

Meat, dairy, and oily foods (they attract pests)
Pet waste
Diseased plants
Plastic, glass, or synthetic materials

How to Know When Your Compost is Ready

Compost is ready when it’s dark, crumbly, and earthy-smelling. Depending on your method, this can take anywhere from a few months to a year. Patience is key!

The Role of Compost Testing

To ensure your compost is as nutrient-rich as possible, consider testing it before use. Compost testing can reveal critical details like nutrient levels, pH, and potential contaminants. At TPS Lab, we offer professional compost testing services to help you fine-tune your blend and meet the specific needs of your garden. Whether you’re growing vegetables, flowers, or lawns, our reports will guide you on the best ways to use your finished compost.

Testing ensures your compost is balanced and ready to nourish your plants without overloading your soil with unnecessary elements. Learn more about our testing services here .

Common Challenges and How to Overcome Them

Problem: Your compost pile smells bad.
Solution: Add more browns (like dry leaves) and turn the pile to improve aeration.

Problem: The pile isn’t breaking down.
Solution: Check your moisture levels and greens-to-browns ratio. Too dry? Add water. Too much green? Add browns.

Problem: Pests are invading the pile.
Solution: Avoid adding meat, dairy, or oily foods. Cover kitchen scraps with a layer of browns.

Start Composting Today!

Composting at home is an easy, eco-friendly way to recycle waste and boost your garden’s productivity. With the right balance of materials, regular aeration, and a little patience, you’ll have nutrient-packed compost ready to feed your plants in no time.

And don’t forget—if you want to take your composting to the next level, TPS Lab is here to help with our expert testing services. Compost smarter, not harder!

Let’s turn your scraps into success. Ready to start your composting journey?

The Importance of Fall Soil Testing for Farms and Gardens

admin@tpslab.com (Sandy Perez) — Mon, 18 Nov 2024 14:31:21 GMT

Maximize Your Soil’s Potential Before Winter

Fall is a time when many farmers and gardeners begin winding down for the season. However, if you’re serious about maximizing your soil’s potential, now is the perfect time to conduct a thorough soil test. Fall soil testing offers unique advantages that can give your farm or garden a head start for the upcoming spring season. In this blog post, we’ll explain the specific benefits of fall soil testing and why it’s a critical step for ensuring healthy, productive crops next year.

Why Fall Soil Testing Matters for Farms and Gardens

Unlike general soil preparation, which involves applying amendments and mulching, fall soil testing focuses on analyzing your soil's current nutrient profile to guide future management decisions. Here’s why it’s important:

Accurate Nutrient Assessment: By testing in the fall, you get a more stable reading of your soil’s nutrient levels. Summer crops often deplete key nutrients, and a soil test will show exactly what’s left. This allows you to tailor your amendments based on actual needs rather than guesswork.
Extended Time for pH Adjustments: If your soil pH is too acidic or alkaline, making adjustments in the fall gives amendments like lime or sulfur ample time to work. These pH changes are slow-acting, so starting now means you won’t be caught off guard in the spring.
Optimal Planning for Crop Rotations: For larger farms, soil testing in the fall helps you plan effective crop rotations. Knowing your soil’s nutrient status allows you to select crops that will thrive in the existing conditions, reducing the need for heavy fertilization.

Key Elements to Test in Fall Soil Analysis

While soil tests can vary based on your needs, the following components are essential for a comprehensive analysis:

pH Level: Determines soil acidity or alkalinity, affecting nutrient availability.
Macro-Nutrients (N, P, K): Indicates levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), which are critical for plant growth and yield.
Micro-Nutrients: Tests for essential elements like calcium, magnesium, and sulfur, which support plant health and resilience.
Soil Organic Matter: Higher levels of organic matter improve water retention, soil structure, and microbial activity.

Fall Soil Testing Tips for Farms and Gardens

Sample Different Areas Separately: For farms, take separate samples from different fields or crop zones. For gardens, consider sampling different beds or sections, especially if you grow a variety of plants with different needs.
Time Your Testing Right: Conduct soil tests after you’ve completed your harvest but before applying any new amendments. This timing ensures you get an accurate snapshot of your soil’s natural state without interference from recent inputs.
Choose a Reputable Testing Service: Not all soil tests are created equal. At TPS Lab, we offer detailed, customized reports that not only identify nutrient levels but also provide actionable recommendations based on your specific crop goals.

What to Do After You Get Your Fall Soil Test Results

Plan Your Nutrient Strategy: Use the data from your soil test to create a nutrient management plan. If your soil is low in nitrogen, consider supplementing with a high-quality organic amendment like composted manure. If phosphorus is lacking, bone meal or rock phosphate can help restore levels.
Schedule pH Adjustments: If your pH levels are outside the optimal range (6.0-7.0 for most crops), apply lime (to raise pH) or elemental sulfur (to lower pH) in the fall. These amendments work slowly, making fall the ideal time for application.
Monitor Organic Matter Levels: If your soil test reveals low organic matter, consider incorporating cover crops this fall. Cover crops like rye, clover, or vetch can boost organic matter content and improve soil health over winter.

Common Mistakes to Avoid with Fall Soil Testing

Testing Too Early: Avoid testing right after a heavy rain or irrigation event, as excess moisture can skew nutrient readings.
Neglecting Micronutrients: While macro-nutrients are crucial, micronutrients like zinc, iron, and manganese also play vital roles. Make sure your soil test includes a full panel of micronutrients.
Ignoring the Results: A soil test is only useful if you act on the findings. Develop a concrete plan based on the recommendations provided by your testing service.

Get Expert Help with Your Fall Soil Testing at TPS Lab

At TPS Lab, we specialize in soil health analysis and customized nutrient management plans. Our fall soil testing services are designed to give you a complete picture of your soil’s health, helping you make data-driven decisions for your farm or garden. Reach out to us today to schedule your soil test and take the first step towards a more productive growing season.

Prepare Your Soil for Success Next Spring

Investing in fall soil testing is a proactive approach that can save time, money, and resources in the long run. By understanding your soil’s needs now, you can make targeted improvements and set yourself up for a successful spring. Contact TPS Lab today or visit our S oil Testing Services page to get started.

Unlocking the Power of Silicon for Soil and Plants

admin@tpslab.com (Sandy Perez) — Mon, 11 Nov 2024 17:32:27 GMT

How Zumsil® Can Transform Your Crop Yields

In the pursuit of healthier plants and more productive soil, one often-overlooked element can make a significant impact: silicon. Silicon isn’t just an essential component for plant resilience and soil health—it’s a powerful tool to enhance crop quality and yield. Here, we’ll explore how silicon works in soil and plants and why Zumsil®, a mono and poly-silicic acid-based soil conditioner, is one of the most effective ways to bring these benefits to your fields.

Why Silicon is Essential for Plants and Soil Health

Silicon is a beneficial nutrient that, while not considered essential in traditional plant nutrition, is increasingly recognized for its positive impact on plant resilience and soil structure. However, plants can only absorb silicon in its mono and poly-silicic acid forms, which are readily available in Zumsil®.

Silicon supports plant health in various ways, making crops more robust, resistant, and efficient at using available nutrients. By adding a silicon supplement to your soil management practices, you’re giving your plants the support they need to thrive in challenging environments.

The Benefits of Silicon for Plants

Enhanced Stress Resistance
Silicon acts as a “shield” within plant tissues, fortifying them against environmental and biological stressors. Whether your crops are dealing with disease, pests, drought, or frost, silicon can help improve resilience. Zumsil® provides plants with absorbable forms of silicon, which can increase their ability to withstand stresses like extreme temperatures, drought, and insect pressure.
Improved Nutrient Efficiency
Silicon doesn’t just help with plant resilience—it also boosts nutrient uptake. By facilitating nutrient transport within plants, silicon aids in the efficient use of essential nutrients, especially phosphorus. This means crops not only grow faster but also reach their full yield potential with fewer nutrient inputs.
Stronger Cell Walls for Increased Protection
Silicon absorbed by plants is integrated into cell walls, creating a more rigid structure. This cellular strengthening protects plants against fungal pathogens and pests, reducing the need for chemical pesticides and helping crops grow healthier with less intervention.

How Silicon Enhances Soil Health

Soil Acidity Management
Acidic soils can lock up essential nutrients, making them unavailable to plants. Zumsil® helps neutralize soil acidity, enhancing the bioavailability of nutrients, such as calcium and magnesium, and detoxifying metals like aluminum. With Zumsil®, your soil becomes a more productive, balanced environment for plant growth.
Detoxification of Harmful Metals
In soils with high metal concentrations, plants may struggle to access necessary nutrients. The reactive silicon species in Zumsil® bind to toxic metals, reducing their impact on plants and making the soil safer and more fertile. This detoxification process creates a healthier root zone, enabling crops to grow without the constraints of toxic interference.
Boosted Soil Microbial Health
Healthy soil is teeming with beneficial microorganisms that facilitate nutrient cycling and plant growth. Silicon fosters a supportive environment for these microorganisms, helping maintain a balanced soil ecosystem. The more active and diverse the soil microbiome, the more robust the nutrient exchange, leading to stronger, healthier plants.

Why Zumsil® is the Best Choice for Silicon Supplementation

Zumsil® is a powerful soil amendment and plant conditioner formulated with a 24% concentration of mono and poly-silicic acid, the only forms of silicon plants can directly absorb. Unlike other silicon sources, Zumsil®’s highly bioavailable form ensures plants can quickly and efficiently use silicon for growth, defense, and nutrient uptake. Here’s how Zumsil® works:

Easy Silicon Absorption: Zumsil® is absorbed directly by plant roots, moving into tissues where it boosts resilience and nutrient utilization.
Enhanced Soil Interaction: The reactive silicon species in Zumsil® neutralize soil acidity, improve nutrient availability, and boost Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) for better nutrient holding and exchange.
Increased Microbial Activity: Zumsil® supports beneficial soil microbes essential for nutrient cycling and soil health, contributing to a vibrant, productive soil ecosystem.

Integrating Silicon with Zumsil® for Better Crop Quality and Yield

Adding Zumsil® to your soil management practices can give your crops the silicon they need to grow stronger, healthier, and more resilient. Whether you're a vegetable grower, fruit orchard manager, or row crop farmer, Zumsil® offers a transformative way to boost plant health and soil fertility. It’s an easy-to-use, effective solution that delivers silicon in the form plants can immediately benefit from, leading to higher-quality crops and improved yields.

Start Reaping the Benefits of Zumsil® Today

If you’re ready to enhance your soil and crop quality, adding Zumsil® is a strategic choice. Explore more about how Zumsil® can elevate your soil health and plant resilience today by visiting TPS Lab’s website or contacting our experts.

Fall Soil Preperation

admin@tpslab.com (Sandy Perez) — Mon, 04 Nov 2024 13:58:21 GMT

Fall Soil Preparation: Essential Steps for a Productive Spring Planting Season

As the days get shorter and temperatures cool, fall is the perfect time to give your soil the care it needs to ensure a productive growing season next year. Prepping your soil now, rather than waiting until spring, can save you time, money, and stress. At TPS Lab, we’re here to guide you through fall soil preparation with targeted soil testing and nutrient management solutions.

Why Soil Testing in the Fall Makes a Difference

Soil testing in the fall offers a head start on optimizing soil health for spring. A detailed soil test reveals the nutrients currently available in your soil, any deficiencies that need attention, and whether pH adjustments or organic amendments are necessary. This information allows for tailored nutrient management that addresses your specific soil needs.

What can a soil test reveal?
A comprehensive fall soil test will identify:

Nutrient Deficiencies: Detect if your soil lacks vital nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium.
Soil pH Imbalances: Soil pH affects nutrient availability, so adjusting it over winter can improve spring growth.
Organic Matter Levels: Increasing organic matter improves soil structure, moisture retention, and root growth.

Essential Steps for Fall Soil Preparation

1. Conduct a Comprehensive Soil Test

Start with a soil test from TPS Lab to understand your soil’s current health. A detailed analysis will guide all other soil prep steps and ensure that any added nutrients or amendments target specific needs.

2. Apply Necessary Nutrients and Amendments

Once you have your test results, use the fall season to apply any needed soil amendments. If your soil needs calcium or magnesium, adding lime in the fall allows it time to integrate. For soils deficient in organic matter, add compost or aged manure now so it has time to break down, creating nutrient-rich, well-structured soil by spring.

Common amendments include:

Compost: Adds organic matter and nutrients
Lime: Raises soil pH, making nutrients more available
Gypsum: Adds calcium without altering pH
Cover Crops: Plant cover crops to enrich soil, prevent erosion, and suppress weeds naturally

3. Improve Soil Structure with Organic Matter

Organic matter enhances soil’s ability to retain moisture and fosters beneficial microbial life. Adding compost or mulching with straw, wood chips, or shredded leaves helps protect soil from compaction and erosion over winter. This practice also conserves nutrients, especially if your area experiences heavy rain in fall and winter.

4. Prepare for Winter by Adding a Mulch Layer

Covering your soil with a layer of organic mulch before winter insulates it, protecting beneficial microorganisms and retaining any added nutrients. By spring, this layer will have broken down, adding to the soil’s organic content and creating a fertile environment for young plants.

Why Fall Soil Preparation is the Smart Choice

Fall soil preparation isn’t just about being proactive; it also allows you to take advantage of cooler weather and gives amendments time to integrate and enrich the soil. Spring planting is often a busy time, and by preparing now, you’ll avoid the rush, reduce stress, and give your crops the best possible start.

Start Your Fall Soil Preparation with TPS Lab

At TPS Lab, we offer a range of soil testing and amendment solutions tailored to your crop needs. Reach out today to schedule your fall soil test and get personalized recommendations for creating fertile, balanced soil this winter. Contact us at 956-383-0739 to start preparing your soil for a successful spring planting season!

The Importance of Water Testing for Agriculture and Gardening

admin@tpslab.com (Sandy Perez) — Wed, 09 Oct 2024 13:31:00 GMT

The Importance of Water Testing for Agriculture and Gardening

Water is a critical component of any successful agricultural or gardening operation. The quality of your water source can have a significant impact on plant health, soil fertility, and overall crop yields. This is why water testing is a crucial step in maintaining the quality and productivity of your crops. In this article, we’ll explore the benefits of water testing, why it’s important, and how it can help improve your garden or farm.

Why Water Testing Matters

Water is the lifeblood of all growing systems, whether you're working with traditional soil farming, hydroponics, or a home garden. Water testing helps you determine the presence of contaminants, measure pH and salinity levels, and identify the concentration of essential nutrients in your water supply. These factors can significantly affect your plants' growth, health, and productivity.

Identify Contaminants

Water can carry various contaminants that may be harmful to your plants. These include heavy metals, pathogens, and chemical residues that can inhibit growth and even kill sensitive crops. By testing your water, you can determine if contaminants are present and take the necessary actions to treat or filter your water source.

Optimize Nutrient Levels

Water plays a role in nutrient delivery to plants. Testing helps you understand the concentration of essential nutrients in your water supply, such as calcium, magnesium, and other minerals that plants rely on. When growing crops, especially in hydroponic systems, it’s important to ensure that your water contains the right balance of nutrients to support plant health.

Benefits of Comprehensive Water Testing

1. Improve Plant Health

Water quality directly affects plant growth. Testing your water ensures that it is free from harmful contaminants and contains the right balance of nutrients. If your water has high salinity or an incorrect pH level, it can lead to nutrient deficiencies, root damage, or even plant death. With water testing, you can address any imbalances before they become a problem, helping your plants grow stronger and healthier.

2. Prevent Soil Degradation

Water that is too saline or contains high levels of certain chemicals can lead to soil degradation over time. High salinity can cause nutrient lockout, where essential nutrients become unavailable to plants. Water analysis helps you identify potential issues and adjust your irrigation practices, reducing the risk of soil degradation and maintaining soil health for the long term.

3. Optimize Irrigation Efficiency

By understanding the quality of your irrigation water, you can make informed decisions about how best to use it. If your water has high levels of certain minerals, you may need to dilute it or adjust your irrigation schedule to avoid salt build-up in the soil. This helps improve irrigation efficiency and ensures your crops are receiving the best possible care.

How to Perform Water Testing

Step 1: Collect Water Samples

To perform a water test, begin by collecting a representative sample from your water source. It’s important to gather a clean sample from the point where you typically access the water—such as from a well, irrigation canal, or rainwater collection tank. Use a clean container and make sure to follow any guidelines provided by the laboratory to avoid contamination.

Step 2: Send Samples to a Trusted Lab

Once you’ve collected your water samples, send them to a reputable laboratory for testing. At TPS Lab, we specialize in providing comprehensive water analysis for farmers, gardeners, and hydroponic growers. Our tests cover pH levels, salinity, electrical conductivity (EC), and other factors that impact plant health.

Learn more about our Water Testing services here .

Step 3: Interpret the Results

After receiving your water test results, it’s important to interpret them correctly to make necessary adjustments. If your water has high salinity, for example, you may need to install a filtration system or find an alternative source. Alternatively, adjusting your irrigation schedule or mixing your irrigation water with rainwater can help bring salinity levels to an acceptable range.

How Water Quality Affects Crop Yield

Water quality plays a significant role in determining the success of your crop yield. Poor-quality water can lead to stunted growth, reduced yields, and increased vulnerability to pests and diseases. By conducting regular water tests, you can identify any issues early and address them, ensuring that your plants receive the optimal conditions for growth.

For hydroponic systems, water quality is even more critical, as plants receive all of their nutrients directly from the water. Regular testing is necessary to maintain the right balance of nutrients, avoid contamination, and ensure a consistent supply of clean water.

Common Water Testing Myths

Myth 1: Water Testing is Only for Hydroponics

While hydroponic growers rely heavily on water quality, traditional soil growers can also benefit greatly from regular water testing. High salinity, incorrect pH levels, or contaminated irrigation water can negatively impact soil health and crop yields. Water testing is a valuable tool for any grower who wants to ensure their crops are receiving the best possible conditions.

Myth 2: All Water Sources are Suitable for Irrigation

Not all water sources are ideal for irrigation. Well water, for example, may contain high levels of minerals or contaminants that can affect plant growth. Rainwater, while generally considered good quality, may still contain pollutants depending on where it is collected. Water testing provides insights into whether your source is suitable and how it may need to be treated before use.

Myth 3: Water Testing is Expensive and Complicated

Water testing is a simple and affordable process when done through a trusted laboratory. At TPS Lab, we provide easy-to-understand reports and actionable recommendations to help growers make informed decisions. The cost of testing is a small investment compared to the potential losses from poor water quality.

Why Choose TPS Lab for Water Testing

TPS Lab has extensive experience providing reliable water analysis for growers of all types. Our comprehensive tests cover all aspects of water quality, from pH and salinity to nutrient content and contaminant screening. With our expertise, you can rest assured that your water is of the highest quality for your crops.

We offer customized recommendations based on your specific water quality results and crop needs, ensuring that you get the most out of your irrigation practices. Our team also provides ongoing support, helping you make adjustments throughout the growing season to maintain optimal water quality.

Learn more about our Water Testing services .

The Benefits of Comprehensive Fertilizer Testing for Optimal Crop Growth

admin@tpslab.com (Sandy Perez) — Wed, 09 Oct 2024 13:21:40 GMT

Why Fertilizer Testing is Essential for Agriculture

Healthy plants start with healthy soil, but knowing how to properly feed your crops is just as critical. This is where fertilizer testing comes into play. Fertilizer analysis allows you to understand which nutrients your soil needs, ensuring that your plants are getting the right nourishment without over-application. In this article, we focus on the importance of fertilizer testing, the benefits it provides, and how to effectively use it to improve your garden or farm.

Fertilizer testing is an essential component of soil management, providing insights into the macronutrient and micronutrient levels in your fertilizer blends. Understanding these levels is crucial, as it helps determine how well your crops will grow and thrive. Whether you're working with a large agricultural field or a small garden, proper nutrient management prevents deficiencies and excesses that could harm both your plants and the environment.

Optimize Nutrient Balance

Different plants have different nutrient requirements. A fertilizer analysis helps determine the exact nutrient balance your crops need. This analysis includes measuring nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) levels, as well as secondary nutrients like calcium, magnesium, and sulfur, and trace elements like iron, manganese, and zinc. By understanding your soil's existing nutrient content, you can ensure that you're providing the right blend to support optimal growth and maximize yields.

Without proper testing, you may end up applying too much or too little of certain nutrients, leading to problems like nutrient deficiency, nutrient toxicity, or nutrient lockout, which ultimately affects plant health and crop productivity. The cost of testing is far less than the costs associated with nutrient imbalances.

Benefits of Comprehensive Fertilizer Analysis

1. Prevent Over-Fertilization

One of the most common issues in modern agriculture is the overuse of fertilizers. Many gardeners and farmers believe that adding more nutrients will always lead to better results, but this approach can backfire. Over-fertilization, especially with nitrogen, can lead to environmental issues like leaching into water supplies, causing algae blooms and other problems. Excess fertilizer also results in increased soil salinity, which can damage plant roots and reduce productivity.

By conducting a thorough fertilizer analysis, you gain a detailed understanding of nutrient levels and can make informed decisions about when and how much to fertilize. This saves money on fertilizer inputs, protects the environment, and ensures the long-term health of your soil.

2. Improve Crop Yields

Proper nutrient management directly impacts crop yield. Testing your fertilizer provides you with the information needed to create a custom fertilizer blend for your specific soil conditions and crop needs. By ensuring your plants receive the right balance of nutrients, you are setting the foundation for higher yields and better-quality produce. Healthy plants are also more resistant to pests and diseases, reducing the need for costly chemical interventions.

3. Protect the Environment

Using fertilizer responsibly means minimizing the risk of runoff, groundwater contamination, and soil degradation. A targeted fertilizer application plan, based on accurate testing, helps reduce the environmental footprint of agriculture by preventing the overuse of chemicals. Understanding the proper nutrient requirements for your crops also promotes sustainable agricultural practices, which can have long-lasting benefits for the ecosystem.

How to Perform Fertilizer Testing

Step 1: Collect Fertilizer Samples

The first step in performing a fertilizer test is to collect a representative sample of the fertilizer you're using. Make sure to collect a uniform sample that accurately represents the blend you are applying to your crops. Place the sample in a clean container that’s free from contamination to avoid skewed results.

Step 2: Send Samples to a Reputable Lab

Once you've collected your samples, it's crucial to work with a trusted laboratory that can perform a comprehensive fertilizer analysis. At TPS Lab, we have extensive experience in testing fertilizers to provide growers with precise recommendations. We test for N-P-K levels, secondary nutrients, and micronutrients to give a full profile of your fertilizer.

Check out our Fertilizer Testing services here .

Step 3: Interpret the Results

Once you receive your fertilizer test results, it’s time to interpret them to make adjustments to your soil fertility program. If certain nutrients are lacking, it’s recommended to supplement them accordingly. Conversely, if any nutrient levels are too high, you may need to adjust future applications to avoid excesses.

How Fertilizer Testing Impacts Yield and Quality

The goal of fertilizer testing is to maximize the quality and quantity of your crop yield. Accurate testing provides detailed insights into how your current fertilizer inputs are performing. If nutrient levels are deficient or excessive, your crops may fail to reach their potential, which can impact profitability.

Balancing nutrient levels can also improve the taste, appearance, and shelf life of produce. When crops receive adequate nutrition, they grow stronger and healthier, leading to a higher market value. Farmers and gardeners who invest in fertilizer testing are ultimately investing in the success of their produce and the sustainability of their growing practices.

Common Fertilizer Testing Myths

Myth 1: Fertilizer Testing is Only Necessary for Commercial Farmers

Many hobbyist gardeners believe that fertilizer testing is unnecessary for their small-scale operations. However, even small gardens can benefit greatly from understanding the precise nutrient needs of their soil. A healthy garden produces more bountiful and nutritious vegetables and flowers.

Myth 2: All Fertilizers Are the Same

Not all fertilizers are created equal. Different blends have different nutrient concentrations, and without proper testing, you may not be providing your plants with what they truly need. Testing helps you understand the exact content of the fertilizers you use so you can make well-informed choices.

Myth 3: Fertilizer Testing is Complicated

Fertilizer testing is a straightforward process when you work with the right lab. At TPS Lab, we make testing easy by providing clear instructions for sample collection and delivering detailed reports with actionable recommendations.

Why Choose TPS Lab for Fertilizer Testing

TPS Lab has years of experience providing farmers and gardeners with the insights they need to improve their soil fertility. Our testing services are designed to meet the unique needs of each grower, whether you’re managing a small backyard garden or a commercial farm. We provide a full analysis of your fertilizer, ensuring that you know exactly what nutrients your soil is receiving.

In addition to our fertilizer testing services, TPS Lab offers personalized recommendations to help you make the best decisions for your crops. We also offer ongoing support throughout the growing season, so you can be confident that you’re on the right path to success.

Learn more about our Fertilizer Testing services .

The Secrets to Successful Soil Testing: Optimizing Your Garden and Farm

admin@tpslab.com (Sandy Perez) — Wed, 09 Oct 2024 13:14:06 GMT

Why Soil Testing Matters for Your Farm or Garden

Maintaining a healthy garden or farm is a rewarding pursuit, but it requires an intimate understanding of the nutrients and elements that contribute to successful growth. Soil testing is at the heart of this understanding and helps ensure that your plants get exactly what they need. At this time of year, it becomes especially important for both farmers and gardeners to get an accurate read on their soil conditions before diving into planting or managing their current crops.

In this comprehensive guide, we explore everything you need to know about soil testing and how it can help farmers and gardeners get the most out of their land. By taking a proactive approach, you can mitigate nutrient deficiencies, improve yield, and contribute to a more sustainable growing environment.

Soil testing is a crucial step in maintaining a productive growing environment. Without proper knowledge of what's happening beneath the surface, you're essentially flying blind when it comes to deciding on fertilizer application, irrigation, and soil conditioning.

Testing helps you understand the pH level, nutrient content, organic matter, and potential contaminants in the soil. For example, knowing if your soil is alkaline or acidic can dictate whether your plants will thrive or struggle. Similarly, understanding nutrient deficiencies—whether it’s nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium—helps you tailor the right mix of inputs.

At TPS Lab, we offer a range of soil testing services designed to cater to the needs of different crops and soil types. Our Texas soil testing service ensures that you're getting accurate, region-specific results that will help you optimize your agricultural production. Learn more about our soil testing services here .

How to Conduct a Soil Test: A Step-by-Step Guide

Select a Soil Testing Tool: Using a soil core tool or probe makes sampling much easier and provides a good cross-section of your soil. For best results, gather soil from different spots across your garden or farm.
Get a reliable soil core tool here .
Take the Samples: Ensure that you collect samples from the same depth to maintain consistency. It's generally recommended to take a sample from about 6-8 inches below the surface, especially if you want to understand nutrient levels in the root zone.
Prepare for Testing: Place the soil in a clean container, making sure it is free from debris, stones, or vegetation.
Send the Sample to a Trusted Lab: Choosing a lab that understands your soil's regional characteristics can make all the difference. TPS Lab offers localized testing that provides actionable insights for the specific challenges of your area.
Interpret Your Results: Once your results come back, you can work with an agronomist to determine how best to address deficiencies or optimize soil fertility. Soil pH adjustments, nutrient supplementation, or organic matter amendments are common recommendations.

Seasonal Considerations for Soil Testing

At this time of year, as temperatures begin to cool and precipitation levels fluctuate, it's crucial to test your soil and water to understand how seasonal changes have affected them. Rainfall can leach away vital nutrients, and temperature shifts can impact soil pH. This is especially important for crops like corn, vegetables, or perennials that are sensitive to nutrient imbalances.

Farmers in dryland regions such as Texas and those cultivating corn or other staple crops should take special care to monitor soil health to prevent unexpected yield losses. By acting now, you can make the necessary amendments that will have your plants thriving when the new growing season arrives.

Common Misconceptions About Soil Testing

Myth 1: Soil Testing is Only Necessary When Problems Arise

Many gardeners and farmers only think about soil testing when something goes wrong—like poor growth or visible nutrient deficiencies. However, by the time these symptoms show up, it's often too late to fully address the problem for the current growing season. Proactive soil testing at least once a year helps you avoid surprises.

Myth 2: Over-Fertilization Can Solve All Soil Problems

The idea that more fertilizer is better is simply untrue. Over-fertilization can lead to serious problems like nutrient lockout, salt build-up, and environmental contamination. A soil test will guide you to use just the right amount of fertilizer for maximum productivity without wastage or negative side effects.

Myth 3: Soil Tests Are Only for Big Farms

No matter the size of your garden or farm, soil testing is beneficial. Even if you're growing a small vegetable garden, knowing your soil's pH and nutrient levels can lead to better tasting, healthier produce. It is equally as important for farmers working on a larger scale to ensure their yields meet expectations.

Why Choose TPS Lab for Soil Testing

TPS Lab has decades of experience helping growers—from hobbyist gardeners to large-scale farmers—get the most out of their soil. We provide personalized recommendations based on your unique soil conditions. Unlike other labs, we take into consideration local weather patterns, crop varieties, and specific agricultural practices to provide the best plan for soil improvement.

Our team at TPS Lab goes beyond the standard testing, offering custom solutions and ongoing support throughout your growing season. This means that if your situation changes, we're here to adjust recommendations so you can continue to thrive.

Ready to get started? Visit our Soil Testing page to choose the right test for your soil.

How to Grow Grapes on a vine

admin@tpslab.com (Sandy Perez) — Tue, 16 Jul 2024 14:40:25 GMT

Step-by-Step Instructions for Home Gardeners

Growing grapes at home can be a delightful and rewarding endeavor. Not only do homegrown grapes offer fresher and more flavorful fruit, but they also provide a sense of satisfaction and connection to nature. Whether you dream of making your own wine, enjoying fresh grapes straight from the vine, or creating homemade jams and jellies, this guide will walk you through the entire process.

Choosing the Right Grape Variety

Selecting the right grape variety is crucial for success. Different grape varieties thrive in different climates, so it's important to choose one that suits your local conditions.

Types of Grapes for Different Climates

Grapes are broadly categorized into table grapes and wine grapes. Table grapes, like Thompson Seedless and Concord, are ideal for fresh eating. Wine grapes, such as Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay, are perfect for making wine.

Table Grapes vs. Wine Grapes

When choosing your grape variety, consider what you plan to do with the harvest. If you want to enjoy fresh grapes, go for table varieties. If winemaking is your goal, select wine grape varieties that are suitable for your climate.

Preparing the Site

Selecting the Perfect Location

Grapevines need plenty of sunlight—at least six to eight hours a day. Choose a site with good air circulation and well-drained soil to prevent diseases and root rot.

Soil Preparation and Testing

Before planting, test your soil to determine its pH and nutrient levels. Grapevines prefer slightly acidic to neutral soil (pH 5.5-7.0). Amend the soil as needed to create the ideal growing conditions.

Soil Testing and the Benefits of the Daubney Extraction Method

Soil testing is a fundamental practice in agriculture and gardening, providing critical insights into the nutrient content, pH levels, and overall health of the soil. One of the advanced techniques highlighted in "Ask The Plant" by Charles Walters is the Daubney extraction method. This method involves using a mild acid solution to extract nutrients from the soil, closely mimicking the root exudates of plants. The Daubney extraction method is particularly beneficial because it measures the nutrients available to plants in real-time, rather than the total nutrient content of the soil, which may include elements not readily accessible to plants. This targeted approach helps identify deficiencies and excesses that directly impact plant health. It provides a more accurate representation of the soil’s fertility status, allowing for precise adjustments in fertilization practices. This leads to optimized nutrient management, reducing the risk of over-fertilization, which can harm plants and the environment. Additionally, by understanding the immediate availability of nutrients, gardeners can tailor their amendments to meet the specific needs of their crops at different growth stages, promoting vigorous growth and higher yields. Implementing the Daubney extraction method in soil testing ensures that grapevines receive the necessary nutrients for optimal development, enhancing the overall productivity and quality of the vineyard. TPSL® Grape Specific Soil Test

Conducting a Soil Test

Collect soil samples from multiple locations in your vineyard.
Mix the samples together to get a composite sample.
Send the composite sample to a soil testing lab.
Review the results, focusing on pH, nutrient levels, and organic matter content.

Interpreting Soil Test Results

The results will indicate the levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and other essential nutrients. Based on these results, you can make informed decisions about soil amendments and fertilizers.

Trellis and Support Structures

Grapevines require support structures to grow properly. Build a sturdy trellis or arbor to support the vines as they mature.

Planting Grapevines

When to Plant Grapevines

The best time to plant grapevines is in the spring, after the last frost has passed. This gives the young plants a full growing season to establish their roots.

Step-by-Step Planting Guide

Dig a hole twice as wide and deep as the root ball.
Mix compost or organic matter into the soil.
Place the vine in the hole, spreading out the roots.
Fill the hole with soil, ensuring the root crown is at ground level.
Water thoroughly and mulch around the base.

Caring for Young Vines

Watering Requirements

Young grapevines need regular watering to establish their roots. Water deeply but infrequently to encourage deep root growth.

Mulching and Weed Control

Apply mulch around the base of the vines to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Keep the area around the vines free of weeds to reduce competition for nutrients.

Protecting Vines from Pests and Diseases

Use organic or chemical methods to protect your vines from common pests like aphids and caterpillars. Monitor the vines regularly for signs of disease and treat promptly.

Training and Pruning Grapevines

Understanding Grapevine Growth

Grapevines produce fruit on one-year-old wood. Proper training and pruning are essential to ensure a productive harvest.

Training Methods for Different Trellis Systems

Different trellis systems, such as the vertical shoot positioning (VSP) or the Geneva double curtain, require different training techniques. Choose the method that best suits your space and goals.

Pruning Techniques for Maximum Yield

Prune your vines in late winter or early spring. Remove any dead or weak wood, and focus on creating a structure that promotes good air circulation and light penetration.

Fertilizing and Nutrient Management

Essential Nutrients for Healthy Grapevines

Grapevines need nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, along with trace minerals like magnesium and iron. Conduct soil tests to determine nutrient needs and apply fertilizers accordingly.

Plant Sap Testing

In "Ask The Plant" by Charles Walters, plant sap testing is highlighted as a crucial method for understanding the real-time nutritional status of plants. Unlike traditional tissue testing, which analyzes the mineral content in dried plant matter, sap testing examines the fluid extracted from the plant's vascular system. This approach provides immediate insights into the nutrients currently available to the plant, allowing for more accurate and timely adjustments to fertilization practices. Walters emphasizes that sap testing can reveal deficiencies and imbalances that might not yet be visible through visual inspection or standard soil tests. By regularly monitoring sap composition, gardeners can fine-tune their nutrient management strategies, ensuring that plants receive the right balance of nutrients at critical growth stages. This proactive approach leads to healthier plants, improved yields, and higher quality produce. Implementing sap testing in your grape cultivation can help identify and correct nutrient issues before they affect vine health and fruit production, ensuring a thriving vineyard and a bountiful harvest. ASK THE PLANT® Analysis - for Grapes

Organic vs. Chemical Fertilizers

Both organic and chemical fertilizers can be effective. Organic options like compost and manure improve soil health over time, while chemical fertilizers provide immediate nutrient availability.

Managing Pests and Diseases

Common Pests and How to Control Them

Grapevines can be affected by pests like grape berry moths and spider mites. Use integrated pest management (IPM) techniques to control infestations.

Disease Prevention and Treatment

Common grapevine diseases include powdery mildew and black rot. Prevent diseases by ensuring good air circulation, proper pruning, and using fungicides if necessary.

Watering and Irrigation

Establishing a Watering Schedule

Grapevines require consistent moisture, especially during the growing season. Water deeply once a week, adjusting based on weather conditions.

Drip Irrigation vs. Overhead Watering

Drip irrigation is ideal for grapevines as it delivers water directly to the roots, reducing the risk of disease. Overhead watering can increase the risk of fungal infections.

Harvesting Grapes

When and How to Harvest

Grapes are ready to harvest when they are fully colored and taste sweet. Use pruning shears to cut clusters from the vine, being careful not to damage the plant.

Post-Harvest Care

After harvesting, remove any fallen leaves and debris from the vineyard to prevent disease. Prune the vines and prepare them for the next growing season.

Storing and Using Your Harvest

Proper Storage Techniques

Store harvested grapes in a cool, dry place. For longer storage, grapes can be dried into raisins or frozen.

Seasonal Care and Maintenance

Spring, Summer, Fall, and Winter Care

Each season requires different care techniques. In spring, focus on pruning and training. Summer involves regular watering and pest control. Fall is for harvesting and preparing for winter, while winter care includes pruning and protecting vines from cold.

Preparing Vines for Winter

In colder climates, protect your vines by mulching heavily around the base and covering them with burlap or other protective materials.

Troubleshooting Common Issues

Identifying and Solving Common Problems

Common issues include poor fruit set, leaf yellowing, and vine dieback. Address these problems by adjusting watering, improving soil health, and using appropriate pest and disease controls.

Expert Tips for a Thriving Vineyard

Experienced growers recommend regular soil testing, maintaining proper vine spacing, and using organic practices whenever possible for a healthy and productive vineyard.

Frequently Asked Questions

FAQ 1: How long does it take to grow grapes?

It typically takes three years for grapevines to produce their first full harvest, though you may see a small amount of fruit in the second year.

FAQ 2: Can I grow grapes in a small backyard?

Yes, grapevines can be trained to grow on fences or small trellises, making them suitable for small spaces.

FAQ 3: What are the best grape varieties for beginners?

Concord and Thompson Seedless are excellent choices for beginners due to their disease resistance and ease of care.

FAQ 4: How do I know when my grapes are ready to harvest?

Grapes are ready to harvest when they are fully colored and taste sweet. The seeds should be brown, not green.

FAQ 5: What should I do if my grapevines aren't producing fruit?

Ensure your vines are receiving enough sunlight, water, and nutrients. Proper pruning and pest control are also essential for fruit production.

Growing grapes at home is a fulfilling and enjoyable hobby that can yield delicious results. With the right knowledge and care, you can cultivate a thriving vineyard in your own backyard. Start small, be patient, and soon you'll be enjoying the fruits of your labor.

The Increasing Need for Plant Tissue Analysis

admin@tpslab.com (Sandy Perez) — Tue, 28 May 2024 19:39:24 GMT

The Increasing Need for Plant Tissue Analysis in Modern Agriculture

Understanding the Modern Agricultural Landscape

In today's agriculture, achieving top yields and ensuring the highest quality produce are paramount. Additionally, farmers aim for profitable yields to sustain their operations. To meet these demands, plant tissue analysis has emerged as an invaluable tool in crop production.

The Complex Journey to Quality and Profitability

Achieving top quality and profitable yields is a complex process influenced by various factors. These include adequate moisture and fertility, proper plant population, selecting adapted varieties, and managing disease and insect resistance. Among these, one critical factor is the nutrient status of the plant, which refers to the flow of nutrients to plant tissues during the growing season. Unlike other factors such as plant population or rainfall, which can be easily measured, nutrient status is an "unseen" element in plant growth. Deficiencies in nutrients often only become apparent when they are severe enough to cause visible symptoms.

The Role of Plant Tissue Analysis

Determining the nutrient status of plants requires precision laboratory analysis of plant tissue samples during the growing season. This analysis reveals the nutrient status and can detect hidden hunger before it manifests as visual symptoms.

Benefits of Plant Tissue Analysis

A plant tissue analysis provides several key benefits:

Detection of Hidden Deficiencies : By showing the nutrient status of the plants during the growing season, tissue analysis can detect nutrient deficiencies before they become visually apparent.
Confirmation of Symptoms : Tissue analysis can confirm visual deficiency symptoms, aiding in accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Timely Corrective Actions : When performed on young plants, tissue analysis allows for corrective fertilizer applications within the same season.
Comprehensive Nutrient Management : Combined with soil analysis data, tissue analysis helps determine the proper fertilizer applications to balance soil nutrient availability with crop nutrient requirements.

What Does a Complete Plant Tissue Analysis Identify?

A comprehensive plant tissue analysis will identify the nutrient status of the following elements:

Nitrogen
Sulfur
Phosphorus
Potassium
Magnesium
Calcium
Sodium
Iron
Manganese
Boron
Copper
Zinc

Proper Collection and Preparation of Samples

For accurate results, proper collection and preparation of plant tissue samples are crucial. Here are some guidelines:

Collection : Use a clean plastic pail or paper bag to gather the sample. Avoid metal containers as they can contaminate the sample. For young plants, collect approximately one pint of lightly packed material.
Cleaning : If samples have soil, fertilizer, dust, or spray residues, clean them with a dry brush. For stubborn residues, use a damp cloth or wash with distilled or deionized water. Do not prolong washing.
Drying and Mailin g: Air-dry the samples and use clean paper bags or envelopes to avoid contamination when mailing them to the laboratory. Never place fresh samples in a plastic bag.
Exclusion of Root s: Do not include roots with the samples submitted for nutrient analysis.

Incorporating plant tissue analysis into your crop production strategy is essential for achieving top-quality, profitable yields. By providing detailed insights into the nutrient status of your plants, tissue analysis helps you make informed decisions about fertilizer applications, ultimately supporting the health and productivity of your crops. For more information on how our agricultural testing laboratory can assist you with plant tissue analysis, feel free to contact us.

Download this guide for specific sampling instructions for most plants and crops Plant Sampling Guide .

Unveiling the Secrets of a Lush Garden: The Benefits of Spring Soil Testing

admin@tpslab.com (Sandy Perez) — Wed, 21 Feb 2024 17:41:05 GMT

The Foundation of a Flourishing Garden

As the winter chill bids farewell and the vibrant colors of spring start to bloom, it's the perfect time to talk about something that often goes unnoticed – the health of your lawn and garden. We all dream of a lush, green oasis right outside our door, and achieving that dream begins with a simple yet crucial step: spring soil testing.

Understanding the Basics: What is Spring Soil Testing?

Spring soil testing is like a health check-up for your garden's foundation. It involves analyzing the composition of your soil to determine its nutrient levels, pH balance, and overall health. Just as we visit the doctor for regular check-ups, your garden deserves the same attention.

Why Should You Care?

Imagine trying to build a sturdy house on a shaky foundation – it wouldn't last long. Similarly, a garden's foundation is its soil. Testing it in spring allows you to identify deficiencies, ensuring your plants get the nutrients they need for optimal growth.

Nurturing Nature's Symphony

Optimizing Nutrient Levels

Did you know that plants have specific nutrient requirements, much like humans? Spring soil testing helps you discover what your soil lacks, allowing you to tailor your fertilization strategy. It's like providing your garden with a personalized nutrition plan.

Balancing pH: The Harmony of Acidity and Alkalinity

Ever wondered why some plants thrive in certain soils and not others? pH balance plays a crucial role. Spring soil testing unveils your soil's pH, allowing you to adjust it for the plants you want to nurture. It's like finding the perfect melody for each member of a botanical orchestra.

The Green Revolution: Your Garden's Transformation

Boosting Plant Health

Picture this: Your garden as a thriving ecosystem where each plant is a vital player. By addressing soil imbalances through spring testing, you create an environment where plants can flourish. It's akin to unlocking the full potential of a community working in harmony.

Preventing Pest Infestations

Think of your garden as a fortress, and pests as invaders. Spring soil testing helps you fortify your defenses by identifying weaknesses. A healthy soil profile is like a sturdy castle wall, deterring pests and diseases from wreaking havoc.

Your Garden, Your Sanctuary

Maximizing Aesthetic Appeal

Have you ever marveled at a neighbor's breathtaking garden and wondered, "Why not mine?" Spring soil testing is the secret ingredient. It allows you to tailor your soil's composition, ensuring your garden is not just healthy but visually stunning. It's like creating a masterpiece on nature's canvas.

Sustainability Starts at Home

In a world leaning towards eco-conscious living, your garden can make a difference. Healthy soil means less reliance on synthetic fertilizers, contributing to a greener planet. Your garden becomes a small but impactful player in the global sustainability movement.

In Conclusion: Cultivating a Garden of Dreams

In the grand tapestry of nature, your garden is a unique thread waiting to be woven into a masterpiece. Spring soil testing is the brushstroke that adds vibrancy and life to this canvas, transforming your outdoor space into a sanctuary of beauty and sustainability.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Why is spring the ideal time for soil testing?

Spring offers the perfect conditions for accurate soil testing, as the soil is neither too wet nor too dry, providing reliable results.

2. How often should I conduct spring soil testing?

For most gardens, an annual spring soil test is sufficient. However, if you notice significant changes in plant health, more frequent testing may be beneficial.

3. Can I conduct soil testing myself, or should I hire a professional?

While DIY kits are available, professional testing provides more accurate results and comprehensive insights into your soil's health.

4. What if my soil test reveals nutrient deficiencies?

Addressing nutrient deficiencies may involve adjusting fertilization practices or incorporating specific soil amendments recommended by a professional.

5. Does spring soil testing contribute to sustainable gardening?

Absolutely! By understanding your soil's needs, you can minimize the use of synthetic fertilizers, promoting a more sustainable and eco-friendly approach to gardening.

Harnessing the Power of Chitosan and Systemic Acquired Resistance for Crop Growth

admin@tpslab.com (Sandy Perez) — Fri, 21 Jul 2023 15:06:05 GMT

A Breakthrough in Foliar Applications

In the pursuit of sustainable and bountiful agriculture, innovative solutions continue to revolutionize modern farming practices. Among these, chitosan, a biodegradable biopolymer derived from crustaceans, has garnered considerable attention for its potential in crop enhancement. When applied as a foliar spray, chitosan offers a myriad of benefits to crops, including improved nutrient absorption, increased resistance to stress factors, and overall heightened productivity. Moreover, chitosan's synergistic effects with Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) present an exciting breakthrough that can transform the way we approach crop protection and growth. In this blog, we will delve into the technical specifications of chitosan foliar application, the advantages of SAR, and the remarkable potential of this dual approach for sustainable agriculture.

Understanding Chitosan and Foliar Application:

Derived from chitin found in crustacean exoskeletons, chitosan represents a safe, biocompatible, and eco-friendly biopolymer that aligns perfectly with the principles of sustainable agriculture. Its unique properties, such as biodegradability and non-toxicity, make it an ideal choice for boosting crop health and resilience.

Foliar application, a widely adopted practice, involves spraying crops with a diluted chitosan solution directly onto the leaves. This application method facilitates rapid chitosan absorption through the leaf surfaces, optimizing its benefits and enhancing crop performance.

Specifications for Foliar Applications of Chitosan :

Application Rates:

The appropriate chitosan concentration for foliar application depends on factors such as crop type, growth stage, and desired outcomes. As a general guideline, a chitosan solution with a concentration of 0.1% to 0.5% is commonly recommended for most crops.

Application Timing:

Timely application of chitosan significantly impacts its effectiveness. For optimal results, consider the following timing guidelines:

Early Vegetative Stage: Apply chitosan during the early vegetative stage to foster robust root development and overall plant health.
Flowering Stage: Apply chitosan during flowering to enhance pollination, fruit set, and subsequent yield.
Stress Periods: Apply chitosan before or during stress periods, such as drought or extreme temperatures, to bolster crop resilience.

Leveraging Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR):

Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) is a plant defense mechanism triggered by various biological or chemical agents, priming the plant to ward off future attacks from pathogens. When crops are exposed to certain stressors or chitosan, their natural defense system is activated, leading to the accumulation of defense-related proteins and signaling molecules. This immune response not only guards the treated plant but also confers protection to neighboring plants. The remarkable feature of SAR is its systemic nature, enabling it to provide long-lasting protection against diverse pathogens.

8 Benefits of Chitosan and SAR Synergy:

Enhanced Nutrient Absorption:
Chitosan acts as a natural chelating agent, forming complexes with essential nutrients like calcium, magnesium, and iron. These chitosan-nutrient complexes are more easily absorbed by plants, leading to improved nutrient uptake and utilization. In combination with SAR, plants exhibit increased nutrient-use efficiency, promoting healthier growth and development.
Increased Crop Resistance:
The dual approach of chitosan foliar application and SAR activation bolsters the plant's natural defenses, rendering crops more resistant to diseases, pests, and environmental stressors. This immune priming effect reduces the need for chemical interventions, contributing to sustainable crop protection practices.
Heightened Photosynthesis and Growth:
The synergy of chitosan and SAR triggers the production of protective compounds and enzymes that enhance photosynthetic efficiency. This leads to improved carbon assimilation, translating into accelerated growth rates and overall crop vigor.
Sustainable Farming and Environmental Stewardship:
By employing chitosan and SAR, farmers embrace sustainable agricultural practices. Chitosan's organic nature ensures minimal environmental impact, while SAR's innate disease resistance mechanism reduces the reliance on synthetic pesticides, fostering a greener and more eco-friendly farming ecosystem.

Chitosan's foliar application, combined with the activation of Systemic Acquired Resistance, marks a breakthrough in sustainable agriculture. This dual approach enhances nutrient absorption, fortifies crop resilience, and accelerates plant growth, ultimately driving higher productivity and improved crop quality. By harnessing the power of chitosan and SAR, farmers can navigate the path towards sustainable farming, fostering environmental stewardship, and securing a more resilient and abundant future for agriculture.

Boosting Crop Yields and Sustainability

admin@tpslab.com (Sandy Perez) — Fri, 21 Jul 2023 14:43:46 GMT

The Benefits of Amino Acid-Based Fertilizers for Commodity Crop Growers

Agriculture plays a vital role in the Midwest, often referred to as the "Breadbasket of America." With its fertile soils and favorable climate, the region is a significant contributor to the nation's agricultural output. For commodity crop growers, maximizing yields and ensuring sustainable practices are key to meeting the growing demand for food and fuel. One innovative solution gaining popularity is the use of amino acid-based fertilizers. In this article, we'll explore the benefits of these fertilizers for Midwest farmers and their impact on crop production and environmental sustainability.

Understanding Amino Acid-Based Fertilizers:

Amino acid-based fertilizers are organic compounds derived from natural sources, such as plant and animal proteins. These fertilizers contain essential amino acids that serve as building blocks for proteins and enzymes in plants. When applied to crops, amino acid-based fertilizers provide a readily available source of nitrogen, which is vital for plant growth and development. The unique composition of these fertilizers offers several advantages over traditional synthetic options.

Enhanced Nutrient Uptake and Utilization:

One of the primary benefits of amino acid-based fertilizers is their ability to improve nutrient uptake and utilization in plants. The amino acids act as chelating agents, forming complexes with essential nutrients like calcium, magnesium, and iron. This chelation process protects nutrients from leaching and ensures their efficient absorption by plant roots. As a result, crops receive a more balanced and readily available nutrient supply, promoting healthier growth and increased resistance to stress factors.

Improved Soil Health:

Amino acid-based fertilizers contribute to enhancing soil health and fertility. Their organic nature promotes microbial activity and beneficial microorganisms in the soil. As soil health improves, nutrient cycling becomes more efficient, reducing the risk of nutrient loss through leaching or volatilization. Furthermore, these fertilizers foster a soil environment that supports beneficial bacteria, which can help suppress harmful pathogens and pests, reducing the need for chemical interventions.

Stress Tolerance and Yield Enhancement:

Commodity crops in the Midwest often face various environmental stresses, such as extreme temperatures, drought, or excess moisture. Amino acid-based fertilizers help plants build resistance against such stresses by activating stress-related genes and promoting the synthesis of protective compounds. As a result, crops are better equipped to withstand adverse conditions, leading to higher yields and improved quality of harvested produce.

Environmentally Friendly:

Amino acid-based fertilizers are considered environmentally friendly due to their organic composition and reduced risk of leaching. As compared to traditional synthetic fertilizers, which can contribute to water pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, amino acid-based fertilizers have a lower environmental impact. By using these organic fertilizers, Midwest farmers can contribute to more sustainable agricultural practices and protect water sources and ecosystems.

As commodity crop growers in the Midwest strive to meet the challenges of increasing demand and sustainable agricultural practices, the adoption of amino acid-based fertilizers offers a promising solution. These organic fertilizers improve nutrient uptake, enhance soil health, boost stress tolerance, and reduce environmental impact. By incorporating amino acid-based fertilizers into their crop management strategies, Midwest farmers can optimize yields, improve crop quality, and contribute to a greener and more sustainable agricultural future.

How to Compost in Your Apartment

Wed, 16 Nov 2022 17:11:17 GMT

Compost in limited spaces, even an apartment.

While tossing orange peels and coffee grounds in the garbage might seem inconsequential, sending food waste to landfills has a real impact on climate change . When trapped without air, decomposing food in landfills produces methane : a greenhouse gas that’s at least 80 times more powerful than carbon dioxide in the short term.

As much as we try to cut down on food waste in our kitchens , there will always be leftover banana peels, apple cores and other things that can’t be used – much of which can be diverted from landfills by composting.

Composting recycles organic material and allows for the natural processes that decompose food, yard waste and other organics to create a nutrient-rich, natural fertilizer. Compost piles heat up as microorganisms break down leaves and kitchen scraps in the presence of oxygen, giving them a second life as “ black gold ” to fertilize gardens, houseplants and yards. Of the waste created by the average person – generally about nine times their body weight every year – more than 30% of it can be composted.

Luckily, composting isn’t only for those with spacious backyards and large outdoor composting systems ; there are plenty of options for composting with limited space, even in your own apartment.

Compost Tumblers

Compost tumblers are a common composting solution, and are ideal for lucky apartment-dwellers with access to a yard, patio, or balcony. These outdoor, airtight containers don’t attract pests (a point of concern for many urban composters) and trap heat, allowing decomposition to occur much faster. Unlike traditional compost bins or piles that require shoveling, tumblers can be easily turned with a crank and are attractive and discrete for common spaces.

Add yard and kitchen scraps to the tumbler over time, giving it a few turns each week. Once the tumbler is full, stop adding new material and continue turning once every few days for two to three weeks until the contents have completely decomposed. Some people even maintain two tumblers: one to which scraps are added, and one that’s in the process of decomposing.

Ideally, to allow the compost to heat up properly and prevent undesirable odors, a composter should have a healthy ratio of “brown” (carbon-rich) and “green” (nitrogen-rich) waste. Brown waste can include leaves, shredded newspaper, nut and egg shells,and twigs, while green waste encompasses all fruit and vegetable scraps, coffee grounds, grains and soil. On a molecular level, an optimal carbon:nitrogen ratio is about 25-30:1, although some argue that when judging by sight, following a 3-4:1 ratio is sufficient.

Worm Composters

Also known as vermicomposters, worm composters are small, efficient, odorless, require little money and effort, and result in rich, nutrient-packed compost. A DIY-worm composter can cost less than , requiring only a few plastic storage bins, organic matter for bedding, and worm castings, and can live out-of-sight in a closet or under a countertop.

Darkness, drainage and ventilation are the main components of a healthy worm composter . Start by drilling a few holes in the sides and on the bottom of a medium-sized plastic bin, and placing it inside a shorter bin or one of equal size. The smaller bin should be slightly raised, which might require stacking a few plastic bottles or containers underneath to allow for optimal airflow.

Inside the smaller bin, create the bedding for your worms; soil mixed with shredded paper or cardboard should be layered and dampened before adding in the worms. A good guideline for adding worms – generally red wigglers, which can be ordered online or bought in fishing stores – is one pound (about 1000 worms) per square foot.

Worm composters have some limitations based on what the critters can digest, and the amount of food waste that should be added at once. Freezing food scraps and adding them gradually will give the worms time to do their work without overloading them with food, especially when just starting out.

Electric Composters

For those with very limited space, countertop electric composters are small, odorless and can process food waste within hours, producing a rich, dry fertilizer. While not exactly composting, these machines aerate, heat and pulverize food scraps, mimicking the process of traditional compost piles on a much tighter timeline – and, unlike traditional at-home compost piles, can safely process meat and dairy products.

While many electric composters can cost upwards of 0, their compact and user-friendly design makes them an attractive option for apartment-dwellers. Unfortunately, given the electricity needed to run them, the environmental impact of these composters is higher than more natural methods.

Government-Run Composting Programs

Some cities have taken food waste reduction into the own hands: San Francisco, California; Boulder, Colorado; and Portland, Oregon all have their own government-run composting initiatives. City-wide composting programs take different forms, but are often free or entail a small fee similar to trash and recycling. Residents usually fill a container with food scraps throughout the week and leave it on the curb to be replaced with an empty bucket, or bring scraps out to a designated bin alongside trash and recycling that’s collected at regular intervals. Seattle and San Francisco have even made composting mandatory for all homes and businesses.

As you begin composting, it’s a good idea to check whether your city already has a program in place for its residents.

Community Composting and Privately-Owned Collection Services

In the absence of city-wide composting programs, many non-profit and privately-owned organizations have stepped up to the plate.

In New York City, where curbside compost collection was suspended in 2020 due to COVID-19-related budget cuts, Big Reuse – a local non-profit – partners with community organizations to host free weekly drop-off sites. If tumblers and worm composters aren’t for you, research compost drop-off locations in your city where you can bring your scraps for free. Some community gardens and farms might accept composted materials as well.

Composting has also become a lucrative business, especially in cities without government-run programs. CompostNow in North Carolina, Bootstrap Compost in Boston and WasteNot Compost in Chicago all charge a fee for pick-up services, offering a very convenient option for those without the time or space to compost at home.

Countertop Storage

Between trips to the compost tumbler or drop-off site, you’ll need somewhere to store your scraps.

While a simple Tupperware container or glass jar would do, many countertop compost bins are attractive and discrete while controlling odors. Some are even dishwasher safe or use replaceable filters to prevent any smells from escaping.

When the pail fills up, scraps can be stored in the freezer until drop-off or pick-up day. Designating a container in the freezer specifically for compost can also keep things tidy and organized.

As you begin your composting journey, make sure you know what items can be composted . To prevent the growth of harmful bacteria, meat and dairy products should be kept out of most small-scale composting systems, although larger composting facilities – where compost piles reach very high temperatures – might accept them.

Once your food scraps have completed their journey from “trash” to fertilizer, you’ll have plenty of black gold to use. If you have limited outdoor space, or no garden on which to spread your finished compost, use it to fertilize house plants or window boxes, or offer it to friends and neighbors who might need it for their own gardens.

Apartment-composting requires some creativity! Consider all of the options in your area – whether it be a drop-off location, pick-up service, or city-run program – as well as your personal limitations and desires. Even with limited space, you can lower your environmental impact and give your waste a second life through composting.

Read the original article here: https://www.ecowatch.com/apartment-composting-guide-2652675763.html

Linnea graduated from Skidmore College in 2019 with a Bachelor’s degree in English and Environmental Studies, and now lives in Brooklyn, New York. Most recently, Linnea worked at Hunger Free America, and has interned with WHYY in Philadelphia, Saratoga Living Magazine, and the Sierra Club in Washington, DC.

Linnea enjoys hiking and spending time outdoors, reading, practicing her German, and volunteering on farms and gardens and for environmental justice efforts in her community. Along with journalism, she is also an essayist and writer of creative nonfiction.

Top Landscape Tips from Experts: Q&A

Mon, 16 May 2022 14:35:21 GMT

Tips for creating your own backyard oasis.

Each year, Americans spend lots of hours and millions of dollars researching ways to transform their plain lawns and outdoor spaces into visibly engaging, well-furnished, lush areas full of plants, flowers, and trees.

Whether you’re planning on a new landscape design thinking of giving maintenance to your lawn or even considering buying or selling a house and wondering which type of trees offer your home value.

Read this helpful guide from a few experts and see it is essential to understand each specialist’s role.

What are the best ways to ensure privacy in your backyard?

First, you need to decide if you want a feeling of privacy or actual privacy. A feeling of privacy can be achieved, even in gardens with very limited space, with some well placed trees or shrubs. I like to use plants that give me some height without taking up a bunch of garden space. Locate them to interfere with views from neighboring windows or to fill in spaces near a patio or deck that feels too open.

If you want actual privacy, then a hedge is the way to go. Hedges do not have to be boring green walls. Take a layered approach and mix 3-5 plant varieties to create a dense barrier. If you do plant a green wall, then be sure to add some plants in front of it that offer a lot of contrast. This layer of contrasting color and texture helps turn the hedge itself into a structural element.

Once you have the desired level of visual privacy, you can consider adding a water feature or fountain. The sound of running water pushes neighborhood noise back a level and makes your conversations feel more private.

Ben Bowen from Ross NW Watergardens

How can you turn your backyard into an oasis?

The more diversity, the more interest! Have an abundance of different flower and plant species that will keep your oasis colorful and blooming year-round and pair it with water features, seating options, a fire area, and appropriate lighting. After that, it’s about keeping your lawn and garden clean and maintained for an added touch of elegance.

Rachel Wachtler from Green Oasis

What trees do you recommend and how can you include them as part of your patio design?

I’d use Japanese Maple because it’s beautiful and easy to grow. It also doesn’t get super big, so typically easy to maintain. It does shed leaves, so that’s the only maintenance.

Winny Rotsidis from New Pacific Direct

What needs to be considered before making any landscaping design?

The first consideration before creating a designed landscape is the present condition of the landscape. Addressing absolute needs before aesthetics. The most common needs are:

Grade
Run-off/drainage
Eradication of invasive vegetation
Soil health
Tree and shrub health

Grade- beginning from the foundation of structures on the land, positive grade must be confirmed and negative grade addressed.

Run-off/drainage- Where is the storm water going? How does irrigated land drain? Which methods of mitigation are to be considered (pocket glades, rain gardens, retention ponds)?

Eradication of invasive vegetation- Callery Pear, Manchurian Honeysuckle, Trumpet Vine, and Kutzu are just a few of the invasive species found in the U.S.. A strategy for their eradication and thoughtful implementation is key to a successful landscape.

Soil Health- From the compacted native soil of new construction to the overly dosed established lawn, much of the soil of developed land is essentially lifeless. A strategy to re-generate soil is paramount. Introducing carbon and soil biologics are a great start. Healthy soil = healthy plants.

Tree and shrub health- A critical evaluation of the established landscape plantings is key to future success. Is the tree or shrub stressed? Is the tree or shrub in need of pruning/thinning? What is the real ecological and aesthetic value of that tree or shrub?

Once we have a clean and healthy canvas, let Creation’s palette flow in abundance and success!

Chris Oursler from Colonial Gardens

How much value does landscaping, especially trees add to your house?

Landscaping as a whole adds as much as 15% value to the property. But in most states, trees and other landscape components are viewed as personal property that has a distinct value well above the value of the land and the buildings.

Dixie Russell from Trees 4 Ohio

Which types of soil are best for plant growth?

Some plants prefer sandy loam soil with good drainage and lower nutrient content, such as Sages and Palm trees. Others may prefer soil with more clay content and a higher pH, like ornamentals such as Asters and Hostas. The best approach is to have your soil tested so you know its nutrient content and characteristics. You will be better prepared when making plant selections when you have that information. Now, there are some things one should watch out for. Soils composed mostly of sand or clay can be too harsh for most plants.

Additionally, soils with a high salt content or an extremely low or high pH can make growing healthy plants very difficult. In a perfect world, we would all have sandy loam soil with a good amount of organic matter and a pH range between 6 and 7. Then again, if we all had the same soil, we would miss out on the wide range of plants that have adapted to the many soil types out there.

Joe Pedroza from TPS Lab

What are the best lawn restoration tips in case of cold/hot/fire damaged lawn?

The best tip is to consult a professional because each situation is different depending on location, type of lawn, size, irrigation, soil, and availability of materials. The best approach for a gorgeous new lawn is to remove the old lawn, regrade, and lay new sod or hydro seed. Another approach would be to power rake, top dress with a mixture of amended topsoil and sand to level and fill holes, apply seed, and then apply straw or mulch or hydro seed. Proper automated irrigation is fundamental to a healthy lawn and an important key to the restoration process.

Daniel Bisso from Billings Landscape, LLC

Shared from https://porch.com/advice/landscape-design-experts

An Interview with Frank Schultz

Mon, 21 Feb 2022 18:37:53 GMT

TPS LAB

An Interview with Frank Schultz

How did you begin in the field of soil testing, can you give us a bit of your origin story?

The lab was established in 1938 by Dr. George Schulz (no relation). I am the third president and conservator of a now 80-plus year-old international consulting agronomic laboratory, starting as client in the early 2000s after soil report recommendations on my place from other labs either weren’t working or didn’t make sense.

You have clients all over the globe, but here in Texas, what would you say is the single, biggest challenge a farmer will face in terms of crop health?

With respect to Industrial Hemp, Education – or lack thereof – more than anything else.

We often get calls from people who say they are interested in growing hemp but it obtains during the conversation that they have done little or no research into the plant, its unique requirements, possible markets or the industry in general. Unfortunately, we have seen and heard firsthand accounts of millions of dollars simply lost by people who lacked experience or hadn’t done their research. Some even “bet the farm” and lost it! For the first-time grower, always start small with a few plants – certainly less than an acre. It will be a learning experience, so consider the money spent to be tuition with no other profit.

Even experienced growers, from long-time gardeners to well-experienced farmers often do not appreciate the complexity, special needs, costs, infrastructure required and especially the labor-intensive nature of growing CBD industrial hemp. (We saw a reduction in hemp acres grown with our clients in 2020 from 2019, largely due to the realization of the labor required.) Additionally, experienced growers of other crops are accustomed to few changes in plant varieties and genetics year after year.

However, new hemp genetics are being developed continuously to enhance oil percentages and characteristics, and suitability for specific growing conditions and regions. This means that a grower should constantly be researching new varieties to better suit his growing conditions and to accommodate the dynamic market demands for the latest desired CBD isolates.

A BIG MISTAKE some of our clients made was in retaining Marihuana consultants to advise them on growing industrial hemp. With the understanding that genetics is where it all starts and is key to the capacity of cannabinoid production and composition (or lack thereof), the growing practices for each are quite opposite in several ways:

● With Marihuana, the varietal genesis is typically C. Indica L., due to its penchant for producing high levels of THC. Plant stress is purposely induced during the middle and latter stages of development to further stimulate the production of THC. This is done by limiting fertilization, water, light or causing any other factor to induce stress without killing the plant.

● C. sativa L. is the varietal genesis of industrial hemp and typically has a lesser penchant for producing THC. However, THC production is still stimulated by plant stress. Accordingly, it is essential to limit stress in order to limit THC content to 0.3% or less to have expectations of a harvestable crop.

The good news is that we can do much to limit stress and encourage production of CBD by providing balanced nutrition at critical times during plant development and to at an extent, managing water. We can even compensate, to degrees, for other stressful conditions such as weather. With Marihuana, stress is encouraged.

But there’s more: Because you get a harvestable crop does not mean that you get a merchantable crop! Over the several years, we’ve seen processor’s demands increase for percentage of CBD and even for particular isolates of CBD (CBG, CBN, etc.) – and now, Δ-8 THC (in Texas). The appropriate genetics, stress management, cultivation practice, soil type, climate and correct, timed nutrition and water are the answer. And don’t forget harvest and post-harvest labor, equipment and infrastructure requirements!

Can you describe your operation in Edinburg?

We are a consulting agronomic laboratory, being in the same location for decades and have current technology analytical instruments to provide clients with timely test reports. We are are open to the public and encourage growers large and small to bring in their samples or visit with one of our consultants to get answers to their toughest questions.

The main and unique feature of the lab is its proprietary methods of soil and compost testing, emulating the way plants take up nutrients in any soil type and are calibrated against actual plant uptake (Plant Natural ^® Soil & Compost Tests); its Ask The Plant ^® plant sap analyses based on proprietary plant nutrition standards and its What’s In Your Water Becomes Part Of Your Soil ^® irrigation and spray water analyses for quality management.

Test results alone have little meaning to most growers, so our main product is the experience and ability to interpret lab data and provide our clients with specific interpretations and recommendations for their specific crop and their particular growing circumstances. Accordingly, every test and recommendation is custom and written by a senior consultant – no “shotgun” approach, here.

Is Plant Natural™ Innovations your company as well? Did you formulate the CSL+ Organic Fertilizer?

Plant Natural™ Innovations was established as an independent company to provide formulations of some recently-available and highly-beneficial products which are not generally recognized by growers. The lab’s most senior consultants proposed, developed and designed CSL+ and other organically-based products based upon their decades-long experience in soil health and plant nutrition. CSL+ is only the initial formulation which has shown remarkable results to growers of a variety of high-value crops. Product lines will expand as development and actual field-performance experience continues.

Can you tell us about your Ask The Plant ^® program?

The lab began testing plant sap (from petioles) in 1964, making it an early pioneer in private-lab plant testing. One of my predecessors, Dr. Albin Lengyel of Phoenix, Arizona, started testing plant sap in cotton in the late ’40s and later extended it to many other crops around the country. Another legacy from Dr. Lengyel is the Plant Natural ^® Soil & Compost Tests.

Originally, Ask The Plant ^® (ATP) Dynamic Crop Nutrition ^® was intended to be a season-long “dynamic” nutrition program for growers to allow them to apply appropriate nutrients in appropriate amounts at critical stages of crop development for best ROI by periodic in-season testing, based upon the physiology of the crop. However, we get many panicked calls sometime during the season from growers who are having serious problems and need help immediately.

Accordingly, much of ATP has evolved into “911” calls concerning physical crop damage (such as by wind, sandstorm or hail) or sudden manifestations of insects, disease or nematodes. We have had remarkable success in guiding our clients past these and on to doing well by the end of the season.

By the way, HEMPlan ^® is a comprehensive, specialized and extended version of ATP, exclusively for industrial hemp growers, based, in part, upon a decade of experience with Canadian growers, plus decades-long experience in other exotic and high-value crops around the world.

Again, HEMPlan ^® , as is ATP, is intended to be a pre-season-to-harvest program, but as with ATP, we get calls from growers sometime into the season about problems they’re having. Unhappily, some call us too late in the season for us to be able to salvage them, as THC content is already out of control.

Our Best Advice: Call us before spending a penny on hemp – it will cost you nothing!

Do you have a success story you’d like to share of a farm you’ve been able to help?

Yes. Some years ago, we were working with sugar beet, potato and mustard (plus other) growers in the Pacific Northwest – fairly high-value crops, at the time. They had been relying on state extension agents and their local coöps for advice for years. And it had stopped working – to the extent that several generations-old family farms were facing soon bankruptcy.

Our VP-Research, formerly a tenured professor with the University of Maine, thence a Senior Research Scientist with the USDA – ARS, Weslaco , went on a field trip together with our COO, to visit with some of our clients in the PNW. He told me that as a [cloistered] academic, it was the first time he ever visited with people who were the end-recipients of and directly impacted by his research.

One day, he was sitting in the kitchen of a farmer, whose farm was in dire straits, when his wife leaned over and whispered, “Please help us!”. Our VP said that he suddenly realized that what he did seriously impacted real people. Before, it had been simply academic.

This farm and one other facing bankruptcy and others did well by the end of the season.

It wasn’t magic – it was simply a matter of applying long-established agronomic principles combined with recent discoveries which seem to have been ignored or forgotten by the institutions.

What do you enjoy most about your work?

I really enjoy hearing the success stories and how we help improve our clients’ bottom-lines – sometimes even to the extent of saving their farms.

All considered, that’s not a bad way to live.

Thank you!!

-Misty Contreras

-Texas Hemp Reporter

Originally posted on https://texashempreporter.com/tps-lab/

How Much Are Your Trees Really Worth?

Wed, 26 Jan 2022 20:50:42 GMT

Learn just how much benefit your trees are adding to your property.

Everyone knows trees are valuable, but did you know you can actually calculate their specific added value to your property? If you’ve ever had to purchase a tree for your yard, you know that it can be an expensive investment, even for a young tree. And maintaining this tree can also be costly, such as leaf removal or tree trimming. Having mature trees in your yard or property is usually seen as value commodity: trees provide necessary shade for houses , can act as a screen for unwanted noise or views, protect slopes from erosion, and are pretty to look at. But they can block a desirable view, create a leafy mess, cause damage to the home from broken limbs, and roots can damage driveways or underground pipes. So, should you be planting more trees in your yard or paying for their removal?

Overall benefits of trees

To get to the bottom of the question, “how much are my trees worth,” let’s take a look at the Tree Benefit Calculator . With just a few pieces of information, this website can tell you just how much value your trees are adding to your property. For example, in my climate zone, a 25-inch diameter Big Leaf Maple tree provides overall benefits of $196.00 per year to my property. Other species, and their size, may lead to a larger or smaller cost-benefit. A similarly-sized Douglas Fir provides an annual benefit of $232, with varying benefits to the property value , energy savings, and CO2 absorption. Overall, all trees benefit our environment, and it’s always in our best interest to maintain them. Let’s take a look at the specific cost benefits of owning trees.

Stormwater absorption by trees

The calculator estimates that within the course of one year, this 25-inch diameter maple tree will intercept 2,188 gallons of stormwater runoff on my property. The image below shows just how much a tree does for water runoff, important for both wet climates that see continual rain as well as semi-dry climates that occasionally see flash-flood type of conditions. When rain falls, leaves and branches slow down the flow of water to the ground. Roots absorb water and also act as a filter for water running into our waterways. As our towns and cities become covered with more concrete and asphalt, it’s incredibly important that trees are planted to help filter water before it ends up in our rivers and lakes. And if you’ve ever had a neighbor cut down a lot of trees, then see how your property fills with water during a rainstorm; you can immediately see the impact that those roots had in absorbing water. In fact, property flooding isn’t necessarily due to too much water; it’s too much water with too few trees to absorb the excess.

Property value increases with trees

The presence of trees (or lack thereof) can significantly impact your property value. Using the same data, Tree Benefits calculates that this single maple tree will raise my property value by $120 this year. Much of this calculation is based on Leaf Surface Area (LSA) models, “that’s a researcher’s way of saying that a home with more trees (and more LSA) tends to have a higher value than one with fewer trees (and lower LSA),” according to their website. The higher the LSA, the higher the property value. The Pacific Northwest Research Station recently conducted a study of just how much trees raise property values in the city of Portland, Oregon. Considering the annual maintenance cost that cities spend on trees, understanding the economic value of these trees is important. In fact, this study found that the presence of trees along the street increased the sale prices of houses in east Portland neighborhoods by an average of $8,870 and reduced time on the market by an average of 1.7 days. Trees in front of the house also increased the home’s sale price by an average of $7,130. “Citywide, street trees add $1.1 billion to Portland’s property value, or $45 million a year. Annual maintenance costs of $4.6 million are a small fraction of the trees’ value and are mostly borne by property owners.”*

Energy benefits of trees

Trees can provide necessary shade for houses, which creates a cooler interior environment. My example of the single maple tree is expected to help me conserve 92 Kilowatt/hours of electricity this year. The illustration below shows the three primary ways trees can help reduce the amount of electricity or natural gas homeowners spend heating or cooling their homes. Trees provide shading for a house, making the house cooler and can reduce the amount of heat absorbed by the structure.

Evapotranspiration, which is the process of liquid water converting to water vapor and subsequently cooling the air, helps create a slightly lower air temperature. Additionally, trees and tree canopies can slow down the surrounding wind, reducing the amount of heat lost through the house (like windows).

Air quality improves with trees

Most of us are aware that trees can provide oxygen to our environment as well as absorb carbon dioxide, creating a better air quality. Air pollution is a health hazard for many people globally, leading to asthma, cancer, or serious respiratory diseases. Trees can absorb numerous toxic chemicals like sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone. Trees can also absorb tiny particles like dust, ash, and smoke, which can get into our homes and lungs. Trees can lower the overall air temperature, reduce ozone production, and release oxygen into the air. The destruction of forests negatively impacts our overall air quality, but planting even one tree on your property can positively impact your surrounding environment and air quality .

Carbon dioxide absorption by trees

Carbon dioxide is released into our environment in multiple ways, but the most common are vehicles and other forms of transportation. My single maple tree is expected to reduce atmospheric carbon by 694 pounds this year. In comparison, an average midsize car can generate about 11,000 pounds of CO2 per year. So although one tree doesn’t cut out a person’s entire carbon footprint, planting trees in your yard and helping to preserve trees in your neighborhood can significantly help absorb CO2 in your environment. According to Tree Benefits, trees sequester CO2 in their roots, trunks, stems, and leaves as they grow. Additionally, trees can help reduce the need for heating and cooling, leading to lower CO2 production.

Types of Trees and Their Maintenance

Most Common Types of Trees to Grow

There are more than 800 species of trees in the U.S. So, what types of trees should you select for your landscape? While you might be inclined to choose trees that are considered most advantageous for supporting (or enhancing) property value, you might also simply choose trees that you find attractive. However, be sure that you’re considering each tree type’s maintenance needs and growing requirements. Be sure that you are aware of the tree’s growing preferences before you purchase.

Some of the most common types of trees that homeowners choose to plant include:

Red Maple
Douglas Fir
White Oak
Flowering Dogwood
Birch
Aspen
Cherry
Cedar
Hickory
Cypress

Before you go tree shopping, do some research. Decide if you want to plant a flowering tree, fruit tree, conifers, or deciduous trees. Also, consider how each tree will appear throughout the year. You might want to choose a tree to add more winter interest to your landscape. In that case, birch and fir trees offer loads of visual appeal.

Low-Maintenance Trees for Your Backyard

Many of the most picturesque trees are decidedly high maintenance. Magnolia trees, for example, are among the loveliest spring bloomers, but they definitely leave a mess as the flowers fall to the ground. Other trees might require more regular pruning to ensure good health. Some trees are more robust than others and require less care from homeowners. Once you choose a tree, be sure to research its maintenance requirements so that you can decide if it’s really a planting you are willing to care for.

Most Suitable Trees by Region

Many southern tree species simply don’t take well to northern climates—and vice versa. That’s why you’ll want to plant trees that are known to grow well in your zone. The Arbor Day Foundation features a helpful tool that’s ideal for choosing the best trees for your region. When talking about planting zones, we’re really referring to the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map . This reference will help you choose plantings—trees, shrubs, flowers—that are likely to grow well in a particular region.

The continental United States includes zones 3-10. Alaska and Hawaii obviously feature different growing conditions that we’ll address in a bit. If you live in the following zones, you might want to consider planting some of our included examples:

Zone 3 (includes the northern portions of northern states like Wisconsin and Montana)

Amur Maple
Norway Spruce
Cherry Birch
Sugar Maple
European Mountain Ash

Zone 4 (includes northern states like North and South Dakota, Minnesota, Wyoming)

Juniper
Dwarf Alberta Spruce
Eastern Redbud
Sugar Maple

Zone 5 (northern sections of Illinois, Indiana, and states like New York, Iowa, Nebraska)

Virginia Pine
White Pine
Red Maple
Tulip Poplar
Northern Red Oak
Ginkgo Biloba

Zone 6 (includes states like Kentucky, Kansas, Missouri, Oregon)

White Dogwood Tree
American Sycamore
Southern Magnolia
Bald Cypress
Crepe Myrtle

Zone 7 (includes states such as Arkansas, North Carolina, the northern part of Texas)

Cherry Plum
White Dogwood Tree
Murray Cypress
Sweet bay Magnolia
Weeping Cherry

Zone 8 (includes states such as Georgia, South Carolina, Mississippi)

Weeping Willow
Sassafras
Flowering Cherry
Crepe Myrtle
Honey Locust
Leyland Cypress
Pecan

Zone 9 (includes mid-to-northern sections of Florida and southern sections of Texas and Louisiana)

Windmill Palm
Holly
Flowering Dogwood
Black Walnut
Italian Cypress
Alta Southern Magnolia

Zone 10 (includes the southern section of Florida)

Jacaranda
Banana Tree
Italian Cypress
Pineapple Guava

Best Trees to Grow in Alaska

Paper Birch
Quaking Aspen
Crabapple
Black Spruce
Balsam Poplar

Best Trees to Grow in Hawaii

Banana Tree
Jacaranda
Coconut
Eucalyptus Tree
Breadfruit Tree

Most Expensive Trees to Grow

If you’re interested in investing in an expensive tree that will likely add value to your landscape, some trees you might consider are:

Flowering Dogwood
Heritage Fruit Trees
Black Walnut
Hybrid Chestnut
Willow Tree
Japanese Maple

Soil Chemistry and How to Test Yours

When choosing trees and other plantings for your landscape and garden, you always want to consider your soil’s chemistry. You can actually purchase soil testing kits at area garden centers, especially at home improvement centers that contain gardening sections. A soil test will tell you the pH of your soil so that you can select a tree that’s likely to thrive in your particular setting.

Soil tests can also help you determine how much organic matter is contained in your soil as well as nutrient content. That’s also important as you may need to amend the soil to ensure that your new planting has the nutrients and organic matter required to thrive.

Want to learn more about the benefit of trees? Check out the National Tree Benefit Calculator .

Reposted from: https://porch.com/advice/much-trees-really-worth

Diagnosing Common Lawn Problems

Wed, 02 Dec 2020 16:33:07 GMT

Find out what's killing your lawn.

St. Augustine grass, known for its beautiful, lush green look, is one of the most prominent turfgrasses in the South. Unfortunately, it is susceptible to several common diseases and pests, making it a challenging turfgrass to manage.

Let's look at some of the pros and cons of St. Augustine grass:

Advantages:

Moderate level of maintenance and mowing
A carpet-like surface that competes well against weeds and other grasses
Does well in full sun and shade
Tolerates heat and humidity
Well-suited for coastal areas due to tolerance of salty conditions

Disadvantages:

Not as hardy to cold weather, so it's restricted to areas with mild winters
Vulnerable to drought and requires supplemental irrigation
Needs routine applications of fertilizer
Does not handle high traffic as well as some other sod types
High susceptibility to disease and pests

This article will take a closer look at St. Augustine's vulnerability to common diseases and pests and give some things to look for that can help you correctly identify some common problems.

Brown Patch (Rhizoctonia solani) - is a destructive fungus that affects all types of turfgrass. A summer disease, it is usually triggered by warm temperatures and high humidity. Circular patterns of dead grass blades, with new leaves sometimes emerging in the patch's center, giving it a donut-shaped appearance. Brown patch thrives in lawns with excessive thatch (healthy soils do not have thatch).

Some situations that make Brown Patch worse include: watering your lawn late in the day and over-fertilizing with high nitrogen fertilizers. When you irrigate, water early in the morning to allow enough time for your lawn to dry out during the day; avoid leaving your lawn wet overnight.

Take-All Patch (Gaeumannomyces graminis) - is a highly destructive fungus that causes root rot. While the fungus occurs naturally below ground, high rainfall and stressed turfgrass caused by poor lawn maintenance can trigger the disease. First, you will notice irregular yellow leaves or light-green patches followed by thinning and dying grass. Roots rot so much that grass can be easily pulled up. This disease is often misdiagnosed as iron deficiency or as chinch bug damage in the summer, and applying treatments for these problems can cause the disease to spread faster.

Take-All Patch most commonly affects lawns during the fall and through spring due to abundant moisture and cooler temperatures, but dieback symptoms most often appear in the hot days of summer.

Unfortunately, there is no effective fungicide for Take-All Patch available to homeowners. The best option is to improve soil health and to avoid stressing your lawn. Good turf management includes maintaining adequate soil drainage, avoiding over-fertilization, raising the mowing height on your mower, and avoiding the use of broadleaf herbicides during the summer months as they may weaken turfgrasses. Some folks have had success combating this disease by using beneficial soil bacteria. Bacterial soil inoculants that contain Bacillus subtilis and Streptomyces griseus are most effective.

Differences between Take-All Patch and Brown Patch.

Both Brown Patch and Take-All Patch are spread by infected equipment. Taking precautions to clean and sanitize your equipment is recommended.

White grub - damage appears in the spring. Grass typically pulls loose easily from the soil because roots have been eaten by the white grubs (larvae of June beetles). If you dig several square-foot patches in the afflicted areas and find more than five grubs, treatment is essential. If you encounter less than two grubs, grubs are not the cause of the dead grass. Several insecticides are available to the homeowner for controlling white grubs. Healthy lawns can outgrow smaller populations. A healthy and well-balanced fertilization program is the best tool to prevent grub infestations.

Chinch bugs - are small black insects with white, diamond-shaped patches on their wings. You will most often find them in the hottest and sunniest parts of the lawn. The grass will appear dry, but watering won't perk it back up. Grass blades fold and turn a glossy olive-gray. Apply a labeled insecticide quickly, or the grass will be killed in the infected areas. The use of insecticidal soap or other least toxic treatments is also advisable.

Finally, maintaining a healthy lawn is the best way to avoid any of these problems. Creating healthy soil to a depth of at least 6 inches can be done at planting by incorporating several inches of quality compost and annual maintenance.

Applications of beneficial soil inoculants can also achieve good results. Aerate your lawn once a year if compaction issues are still a problem. Applying soil inoculants periodically thru out the year will also help reduce compaction issues. It is highly recommended that you feed the beneficial bacteria in your soil by adding carbon sources such as humic/fulvic acids, molasses, and amino acids. Irrigating efficiently (water in the morning, wet soil to a depth of 4-6 inches, and allow the soil to dry out between irrigations) will promote better aerobic conditions.

Mow properly, taking no more than 1/3 of the leaf blade off with each mowing. And finally, test your soil yearly to determine which nutrients are lacking before deciding how much to fertilize.

Testing also helps you choose the appropriate fertilizer so you don't over-apply unnecessary nutrients. One last tip is to spoon-feed your lawn. To get the most benefit for your fertilizer, opt for organic fertilizers that naturally release more slowly. Doing so will result in less water use, less mowing, fewer weeds and disease, and reduced insect pressure.

Calculating Fertilizer Application Rates

admin@tpslab.com (Sandy Perez) — Wed, 02 Dec 2020 16:11:32 GMT

Calculating Fertilizer Application Rates from Your TPSL® Soil Test Report

The guaranteed analysis or formula listed on the fertilizer bags is the three big numbers. These give the percentage by weight of the major nutrients contained in that bag. For example, in a bag of 32-10-10 fertilizer, 32% of the weight of the fertilizer in the bag is Nitrogen (N), 10% is Phosphorous (P) as P2O5 equivalent and 10% is Potassium / Potash (K) as K2O equivalent.

Don’t worry about "fertilizer equivalent" because application should always be given in pounds of N, P2O5 and K2O per area.

To determine the actual amount of each nutrient equivalent in the bag of fertilizer, multiply the weight of the bag by the percentage of that nutrient equivalent in decimal form. So, to determine the actual Nitrogen content in a 50-pound bag of 32-10-10 fertilizer:

50 (pounds) x 0.32 (percentage of Nitrogen) = 16 pounds of actual fertilizer material.

To determine how many pounds of a specific fertilizer material are required to reach a specific amount of one nutrient, divide the percentage of that nutrient (in decimal form) as contained in the bag into the desired number of pounds of that nutrient. For example, in the 32-10-10 fertilizer, to determine how much fertilizer is needed to reach a desired rate of 1 pound of Nitrogen: 1 divided by 0.32 = 3.12 pounds. Therefore, 3.12 pounds of fertilizer must be applied to the designated area (let's say 1,000 square feet) to supply 1 pound of Nitrogen.

Also note that these are percentages of N, P2O5 and K2O, not the elemental P and K . Fertilizer recommendations are always given as the equivalent. If interested, to convert oxides to elemental, multiply P2O5 by 0.44 and multiply K2O by 0.83, and to convert elemental to oxides, multiply P x 2.29 and multiply K by 1.20.

Let's work another example. How much 24-6-12 fertilizer, do you need to apply at 1 lb. N/1,000 sq. ft. to an 8,000-sq-ft lawn? Use our formula: required rate of N per 1,000 sq.ft divided by % of N in the analysis (use the decimal form) equals amount of fertilizer product per 1,000 sq.ft. (1 / 0.24 = 4.20 lbs per 1,000). Since you need enough for 8,000 sq. ft., then multiply 4.20 x 8 and get 33.60 lbs needed for the job. The same calculation will work for the Phosphate (P2O5) percentage and the Potash (K2O).

Lawns require several fertilizer applications per season for best sustainability. This provides healthy growth, good color and pest and stress resistance. We generally apply between 0.50 and 1.50 lb of N per 1,000 sq. ft. in an application to the lawn. You may apply about 50% of that value in K2O (Potash) and apply P2O5 (Phosphate) at 25% of the N on average. Our natural bio-available soil test is still the only accurate route to take for the N, P, K , pH, etc.

Your TPS Lab Comprehensive Soil Test will give you Fertilizer Guidelines for the entire growing season. The Guidelines will be stated in pounds per acre, pounds per 1,000 square feet, or Kg. per Hectare. In another example, we recommended 245# of N, 100# of P2O5 and 191# of K2O per acre, or 5.62# of N, 2.29# of P2O5 and 4.38# of K2O per 1,000 square feet. This translates to approximately a 24-10-19 blend. 1,000#/ac. or a little over 5-1/2#/1,000 square feet of this blend would be applied in 3 or 4 split applications (March-October) over the entire growing season. Because this formula may not be available off-the-shelf from your local supplier, you can combine blends to achieve the recommendations (a 3:1:2 ratio of N:P2O5:K2O would be best in this example).

Avoid Soil Health Disasters

Fri, 06 Nov 2020 22:41:02 GMT

Managing Plant Stress Is the Key to Keeping Plants Healthy & Managing THC Levels

By Noel Garcia, CCA, Joe Pedroza & Larry Zibilske, PhD

Hemp growers, like most farmers, have one goal in mind: produce crops with high yields and quality. However, of all crops, hemp alone has the unique statutory constraint that THC, one of the naturally produced cannabinoid oils, must not exceed 0.3 percent. Most growers are now painfully aware that a potency test showing a THC level higher than the federal limit will mean the total loss of their crops, and, in the worst case, they will be classified as negligent growers. For oil crops, it can be a real balancing act to achieve the highest content of CBD while limiting THC to acceptable levels. However, as fatal as a high THC result is, growers are learning that other factors can lead to a failed crop.

Plant stress is a condition that can be challenging to understand for many growers. Marijuana growers discovered that if they stress their plants in the last few weeks before harvest, they can induce higher production of THC. But stress in industrial hemp can lead to disaster.

What happens if the plant is stressed early in the vegetative state and how does that affect overall yield? Potential growers have asked, “Isn’t hemp basically a weed and shouldn’t it grow well unattended?” The answer is yes, but not as a commercial crop. Between heat, drought and low humidity, Texas and other arid states can provide plant stress challenges to producing a harvestable crop. So let’s review the experiences two Texas growers had this year.

(Background: Texas growers started under a handicap: Licenses didn’t start being issued until the middle of April — then already more than a month late for planting — and they weren’t issued immediately upon application. Accordingly, growers were in a panic to get their crops going.)

It’s late June and the weather is hot and humid — typical conditions for the Lower Rio Grande Valley region of Texas for the time of year. A new greenhouse grower, excited to invest in a new and promising crop, sets out to start his grow. He starts with topsoil purchased from a local supplier; it’s a sandy loam that he blends with coconut coir and perlite.

The seeds germinate, and for the next several weeks the plants are growing well. One morning as he walks through the rows of potted plants, he notices many of the young plants are beginning to flower. The plants are only five weeks old and 6 to 8 inches tall. They are not an auto-flowering variety. What’s going on?

Another grower in Texas is preparing to plant his first crop. He has 7 acres but decides that it would be wise to start with one. It’s a new operation and he hasn’t fully established the drip irrigation system, which he decided to self-install. It’s getting late in the season, so he direct-seeds before it gets any later. The seeds germinate and everything looks great.

He has close to 2,000 plants in neat rows, stretching out in the hot Texas sun. Things are going smoothly, but it’s August now, and the temperatures are starting to tick higher and higher. For two weeks, temperatures went over 100º and the plants began to show signs of stress. Insects soon moved in and made the situation worse. As the grower walks his field, he notices his plants, now five weeks old, are starting to flower, but they are not an auto-flowering variety. What’s going on?

First, let us understand the mechanisms that trigger a plant to switch to its reproductive (flowering) stage. Flowering is initiated either autonomously or by environmental factors. Photoperiodic flowering is controlled by the amount of light and dark hours. With photoperiod strains of cannabis, plants switch from the vegetative to the flowering phase when they get longer than 12 hours of dark. By contrast, auto-flowering strains are not dependant on light or dark hours and are genetically programmed to begin flowering when they’re 4-5 weeks old.

Other crops show similar characteristics. Olives, for example, are controlled by vernalization: they must have a minimum number of cold hours to initiate flowering. So is that what happened to our Texas hemp growers? Was it so late in the year that the plants got enough hours of darkness to initiate flowering? In these cases, the answer was no. Let’s look at each situation separately and analyze what went wrong.

In the first grower’s case, the lab analyzed the media and the well water he used to irrigate. A comprehensive analysis showed that the media-mix the grower purchased was mostly inert and devoid of nutrients (and life). The pH was high at 8.3 and highly calcareous with 1,200 ppm of calcium as carbonate.

Additionally, even though coconut coir was added, it did not contribute to the active organic matter as it had not been composed. So, active organic matter measured only 0.52 percent. The well water tested high in dissolved solids at 1,155 mg/L — mostly sodium and chloride. Notable too, was an elevated boron level of 1.8 mg/L, which can occur naturally in wells deeper than 100 ft. After talking with the grower and discovering how he was fertilizing and irrigating his plants, we understood how stresses had built-up.

He explained that he did not feed for the first 3-4 weeks of growth and had only been watering the plants using a backpack sprayer. He wanted to avoid root rot from overwatering, so he only watered every two or three days. The media in the pots, composed mostly of sandy soil, would become hard and compacted when it dried. The minerals from the water began to build-up in the media, to the point where it had become white and crusty.

The outcome was the plants had experienced chronic stress from underwatering, lack of nutrients and accumulated sodium and boron that was reaching toxic levels as evidenced by a plant sap test that indicated 230 ppm of boron. The response from the plant was one of survival and to reproduce. As Dr. Ian Malcom said in his famous Jurassic Park line, “life finds a way.” The instinct for survival and reproduction is what drives all life on earth. In the case of our young cannabis plants, the response was to flower.

When we reviewed the conditions of the second grower, we found a different pattern of problems. Our soil analysis showed that nutrient levels were mostly adequate except nitrogen, which was excessively high at 290 lbs/ac. As the plants grew, the excessive nitrogen stimulated rapid growth, leading to a weakened cell structure, making the plants susceptible to insect attacks.

The grower was not experienced in designing irrigation systems, resulting in built-in watering issues — so many of the plants were exposed to drought conditions during a heat wave that affected the region. The slope of the field led to overwatering at the bottom and underwatering at the top. He did not consider that static water pressure increases with every foot of elevation by 0.433 psi — so he started off with a considerable static pressure differential along the vertical length of the lines: highest at the bottom — lowest at the top.

Under the stresses of heat, unbalanced nutrition, insect pressures and uneven water distribution, the young plants’ instinct for survival triggered a flowering/reproductive response in the less than 100 surviving plants.

So what should these growers have done differently to avoid such losses?

No matter the crop, planning and preparation are essential to success. Industrial hemp, in particular, requires very much advance research and planning. There is no better protection against the variables that Mother Nature inflicts to test growers than to have a detailed plan and prepare for your crop’s success — and avoid potential problems.

It can seem like a daunting task with so many factors at play, especially since many think it is beyond their control. And rightfully so, as we frequently hear about storms that hit with little warning and destroy large areas of farmland, and heat waves and droughts that cripple parts of the farming community.

How can we prepare for these challenges?

The answer is hidden beneath our feet. Understanding soil health is the cornerstone of every successful grower. The foundation of your plan should be the rebuilding of your soil and its life, and management of its nutrients and structure.

Soil health is an idea that involves optimizing the relationships between soil physical, chemical and biological factors. Achieving and maintaining good soil health is essential for producing good crop yields and quality. Fertilizers are only part of soil fertility. Soil microbes live on and around plant roots and interact with roots in several important ways. Among the most important interactions are ensuring plant roots are protected from pathogenic microbes and assisting the uptake of nutrients into the plants. But healthy soil also includes beneficial nematodes, insects, earthworms and fungi — all interacting with each other and the microbes in concert.

Maintaining balanced nutrition and vigorous soil life at every stage of your plants’ life cycles will ensure that no matter what challenge Mother Nature sends, your crops will have the best chance of making you money.

Soil or growing media testing is one of the best investments a grower can make, especially when planning a new season. As we saw with our Texas growers, soil lacking in nutrients or having excess nutrients, devoid of life, or being extremely acid or alkaline, all lead to plant nutrient uptake problems — which invariably results in stress.

Irrigation water analysis is also paramount when installing your farm’s infrastructure. Poor quality water can neutralize the efficacy of nutrients and treatments, affect distribution by plugging emitters when using drip irrigation and change the soil’s native chemistry.

These tools will help you understand where you need to focus your energy and resources. The goal is to provide the best possible environment for your plants to grow. When we correct our soil’s nutritional imbalances, we facilitate maintaining adequate levels of nutrients in our plants as they develop.

As the plant grows, its nutritional needs change and meeting those needs will greatly reduce the harmful stresses that prevent the plant from reaching its maximum genetic potential — and limit the production of THC. Simultaneously, we reduce the need for insecticides and other harsh treatments that reduce overall profit. In the case of conventional growers, we also reduce the exposure to strong chemicals and toxic treatments.

Additionally, it is essential to learn from those who have experience in growing crops — and industrial hemp, in particular. We are still learning about the stresses that affect hemp and the differences between geographical/climatic regions. Add to that the regulatory standards and market requirements that must be met to harvest a profitable crop and one quickly realizes that industrial hemp is one of the most challenging crops to produce.

We encourage you to reach out to experienced industrial hemp (not marijuana) growers and consultants willing to council you about your plans and goals. Plan and prepare for a successful crop by learning what your soil needs to be healthy and what you need to restore that health.

Include soil microbes and organic matter in your plan and you will ensure vital relationships are maintained in the plant root environment for the entire season … and beyond.

All crops, including hemp, benefit from healthy, living soil. It is the greatest asset we have. It is our obligation to be the stewards who restore the rich farmlands that once were the pride of our forefathers.

This article was done in partnership with Acres U.S.A . and is published in the December 2020 Acres U.S.A. magazine. Noel Garcia is a certified crop advisor and is chief operating officer and senior technical consultant at TPS Lab. Joe Pedroza is a Texas-licensed hemp sampler and is business development manager at TPS Lab. Dr. Larry Zibilske is vice president of research at TPS Lab.

Pecans

Thu, 01 Oct 2020 21:47:18 GMT

General Cultivation and Nutrition

The pecan is one of the most popular of the large backyard shade trees but is of great commercial value as well, being cultivated on large and small scales for nut production. Native to America, pecans are commonly found along river bottoms in Midwestern, eastern and southern states. Both native and varietal selections are used for nut production. However, most often, and most profitably, grafted varietal types generally referred to as “papershell” are used for nut production. On a commercial scale, management can include marketing the valuable saw wood when underperforming trees need to be replaced.

There are very many grafted varieties from which to choose, some growing better in particular regions. Whether planted as an ornamental shade tree, or for nut production, the pecan must be managed with a good nutrition and irrigation plan to ensure it lives up to its double status as a beautiful tree that produces tasty, healthful nuts. This widespread appeal results in pecans being planted in varied soil and environmental conditions, reflecting the resilience of the tree. Despite their widespread adaptability, they often don’t do very well in areas where insufficient rainfall or poor soil drainage exists, and do much better when they receive adequate care. Nutritional issues with pecans go well beyond the usual N-P-K issues of growing other crops.

Anyone considering commercial production of pecans must be willing to monitor the trees and soil conditions to ensure the best possible production. Successful production practices are characterized by pro-active and continuous attention to the needs of the trees.

S tarting Off Right

Good tree management starts with selecting the best location for the orchard. The best soils include deep sandy loams overlying clay (best for water storage). A site with good air drainage and surface water drainage is ideal, so look to hilltops and pastures for the best location. Proper planting techniques include a pre-plant soil test to determine which nutrients should be placed into the planting hole. These will normally include the major nutrients, Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Sulfur (S), and several “trace” elements, Zinc (Zn), Nickel (Ni), Iron (Fe), Boron (B), Copper (Cu), and Manganese (Mn). Don’t be fooled by the term, “trace”. Trees require these elements; they’re just needed in smaller amounts than other elements. Please refer to the nutrient deficiencies photos. Pecans do best in soils with a slightly acidic pH, around 6. The photo above attests to the durability of pecans. These are growing in tight, high pH (7.6), heavy clay blackland soil with little drainage. Many weeks can pass without rain. Nuts are poor or nil.

Mix the recommended nutrients with the soil removed from the hole. If planting multiple trees, make sure they are placed no closer than 50 feet from each other. For more tree planting guide information, please see the last pages of this paper. Pecans do not produce well if they are crowded and are often thinned once good establishment has been attained. Refer to the TPSL® Tree Planting Guide papers for more for details.

Briefly, make sure you buy trees with healthy root systems. Gently remove them from the container, remove from the roots as much of the container medium as possible, and spread out the lateral roots in the planting hole. Back fill completely, filling air pockets around the roots. Make sure the root flare, the first division of trunk into root, is positioned such that it will be above the soil surface when done.

Backfill with the native soil which has been mixed with the recommended fertilizers determined from soil test results. This is also the best, perhaps the only, time to inoculate the roots with ectomycorrhizal fungi to start the process of enhanced tree nutrition and health. Inoculating new planting stock will help to counter cotton root rot, a serious disease in many parts of the country.

Mycorrhizae (myco = fungus, rhizae = root) are symbiotic relationships that develop between most plants and certain soil fungi which greatly enhance root nutrient absorptive capacity and provide added protection from root diseases.

As more backfill is added and distributed in the hole, the tree will begin to support itself–make sure the tree trunk in straight and use loosely-tied guys to support it. Water the tree so that the soil never dries out during the critical establishment phase. Planting stresses the tree and it must be kept in moist (but not wet) soil to allow new roots to begin growing.

Water Needs

Native pecans are found most commonly along rivers, creeks, and streams. This suggests they grow best where soils are deep and water availability is stable. Develop a plan for frequent watering and follow it. Mature pecans need about 60 inches of water annually to thrive, so an irrigation system is often necessary to provide the needed water. Although pecan trees grow to enormous size and have deep roots, most of the water they use comes from the top three feet of soil, mostly from around and well beyond the drip line of the canopy. Deeper soil water is used mainly for survival in dry periods. It can seem overwhelming, but pecans need continuous access to water. Less water is needed for young trees, about 5 gallons per day, but this must be increased as the orchard matures. Monitor leaf health to watch for signs of overwatering. Leaves will begin to turn a dark color and wilt. Some irrigation technologies can accommodate liquid forms of fertilizer, allowing simultaneous irrigation and fertilization (“fertigation”)

Irrigation Technologies

As mentioned, pecans need a lot of water. Few serious growers can rely on rainfall to supply the large amount of water needed to satisfy tree needs. Using ground water or surface water resources, pecans may be irrigated by flooding the entire orchard, running water into the orchard by means of irrigation furrows, or by using sprinkler heads placed strategically in the orchard that distribute water from pressurized lines. Of these, one of the more favored technologies is drip irrigation. There are advantages and disadvantages of all irrigation systems. The one that works best in any particular situation will be determined by local conditions. With drip irrigation, low pressure water lines are distributed through the orchard and are fitted with emitters near trees to allow water to escape the line and enter the soil. Emitters commonly supply water at 2 gallons per hour, allowing a slow infiltration into the soil around the tree. This method is considered to be the most effective in conserving water resources. Micro-irrigation are “ground hugging” sprinklers that wet a larger area than drip emitters, and are popular for orchards on sandy soil. Lateral movement of water is not as great on sandy soil as on finer-textured soils, so Micro-irrigation can distribute water more evenly in sandy conditions.

Success with irrigation depends on how well the system is designed, installed, operated, and maintained. In addition, water quality problems can be a “deal breaker”. Water quality is unfortunately often overlooked in planning an irrigation system. It is vital to determine the quality of the water available for irrigation before embarking on the installation of an expensive irrigation system. Water may be salty, contain “hardness” chemical compounds such as calcium, magnesium, or iron and can have other conditions that can affect long term orchard productivity, such as carbonates. These conditions can severely limit or even prohibit use of a particular water source. Hence, it is best to determine water quality first by having it tested. It should be rechecked regularly, because quality can change over time and use.

Fertilization

How much fertilizer is needed in subsequent years is determined from soil and leaf testing. Soil testing may be necessary only every three years, but leaf testing, and petiole testing on fruiting tips should be done at least annually. July is often recommended as leaf testing month. Application of the N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S is most often done via soil application of dry materials to the soil (if fertigation is not employed). The grower may choose to provide fertility by using conventional fertilizers, by adding only organic materials, or by a combination of the two. Compost may be applied in Spring to provide a slow, steady nutrient supply and to promote beneficial soil microbial activity. A combination of conventional fertilizers and compost can be used to satisfy the nutrient demands of the trees - with the compost providing a fertility foundation which can be supplemented with conventional fertilizers as needed.

Some of the major nutrients and trace elements can be applied foliarly. Good absorption of these nutrients (especially chelated trace elements) takes place when sprayed directly onto the leaves which bypasses potential problems with tie-up of trace elements in some low organic matter, high pH soils.

The soil’s capacity to provide nutrients to the trees will be improved over time if steps are taken to improve soil organic matter level and microbial activity in the orchard. This state is achieved by use of composts, cover crops and biological soil inoculants in the alleys of the orchard. The soil will reach a stage of improvement in which much of the tree nutrition will be taken care of biologically. This greatly simplifies the tasks of the grower and reduces fertilization costs.

Nutrients and Their Functions

When nutrient problems limit plant growth, it is often due to multiple nutrient deficiencies. Each nutrient is responsible for a main effect on plant physiology, but may also have a secondary rôle as well. The following discusses how nutrients are used, and of the sometimes overlapping activities of different nutrients in plant functions:

Nitrogen (N) is needed in large amounts and therefore most likely to be limiting plant growth. It is a main constituent of proteins, enzymes, and of the chlorophyll molecule, the light capturing molecule in leaves. Photosynthesis is greatly impaired where nitrogen is limited. Growth and reproduction can be substantially stunted when nitrogen available to the plant is limited.

Phosphorus (P) follows nitrogen in the amounts needed for good plant growth. It is used in photosynthesis. It is essential for seed and fruit development, synthesis of oils, sugars, starches, and is a structural part of nucleic acids, phospholipids, and ATP. Further, it is also involved in controlling basic enzyme reactions and in the regulation of metabolic pathways. Root development is dependent on an adequate supply of P and it contributes to stress resistance. It is needed for flowering as well.

Potassium (K) follows phosphorus in amounts needed for plant nutrition. It participates in protein production, photosynthesis, fruit quality and sugar transport, disease resistance.

Calcium (Ca) is part of plant cell wall structure, participates in nutrient transport into the cells, and is involved in stress adaptation. It also functions to counteract salt and organic acid accumulation in plants.

Magnesium (Mg) is used in the structure of the chlorophyll molecule and essential for photosynthesis. It also functions in many plant enzymes needed for growth.

Sulfur (S) is necessary for protein production. It also functions in photosynthesis, root growth, seed production, and helps alleviate some abiotic stresses on the plant.

Zinc (Zn) is used in carbohydrate production in plants and serves to regulate the movement of sugars within the plant. It is essential in plant growth regulation.

Nickel (Ni) is used in converting urea to ammonia via the urease pathway. Recent research has shown ‘mouse ear’ of pecan, which leads to leaf margin necrosis, is caused by a severe Ni deficiency

SEE SPECIAL WARNING ABOUT NICKEL AT THE END OF THIS PAPER!

Iron (Fe) Essential for formation of chlorophyll, hence is a central structural component in photosynthesis. It is also a structural part of other enzyme systems, synthesis of sugars and other carbohydrates, and is essential for flowering and fruit development.

Manganese (Mn) participates in plant metabolism as an activator of the enzymes involved in nitrogen uptake and incorporation.

Copper (Cu) is needed for chlorophyll and some enzyme reactions. It may be involved in enzyme synthesis, as well.

Chlorine (Cl) is needed for root and shoot elongation, and functions in photosynthesis.

Alternate Bearing

Alternate bearing is a significant production problem in pecans. There is not yet a complete picture of the reasons behind the phenomenon, but a large part of the problem is that the nuts contain a lot of oil, around 70% of them is lipid. It takes an enormous amount of energy to fill the nuts with lipids, much more than for other alternate bearing fruit trees that store mainly carbohydrates. Hence, alternate bearing appears to be much less a problem in citrus. Likely other contributors to alternate bearing include water, nutrient deficiencies, and weeds. Multiple stresses occur commonly, so several smaller “fixes” will help.

While it is likely that plant hormones play an important role in affecting flower initiation, they are likely responding to biochemical conditions in the plant at the time of flower initiation. As much of the tree’s energy reserves and carbohydrate production is being funneled to the developing nuts, to be turned into lipids, little is left to start next year’s nut crop by flower bud initiation. Nutritional intervention during fruit maturation and after harvest may reduce the stresses on the tree, allowing a better flower bud initiation for next year. Organic practices have been shown to reduce alternate bearing, probably by moderating nutrient and water stresses by improving the tree’s resistance to stresses.

R esearch points to a strong effect of the size of the carbohydrate pool in dormant trees on fruit development the next year. Other research supports this. Later maturing varieties, on which leaves are retained longer, appear to have better carbohydrate reserves due to late season photosynthesis. A soil and crop management plan that includes attention to the energy, nutrient, and water needs of trees following harvest appears to be a promising approach to reduce the tendency for alternate bearing.

Cover Cropping and Soil Building

Orchard management practices should include cultivating and maintaining a green orchard floor. The presence of a low-growing crop of grass or legume contributes to the health and productivity of the pecan trees above it. The most common configuration is a grass crop down the row middles that is maintained by mowing, while a plant-free zone is maintained under the trees with herbicides. The main purposes of the green strips are to keep down weeds, and to provide a traffic-accessible lane for spray applications and for harvest operations.

Planting a cover crop beneath the pecan canopy can improve the productivity and health of the pecan orchards and generally fulfills the Crimson Clover in a pecan orchard U.Ga. requirements for effective cover crops. Clovers are a common choice.

The contribution to tree nutrition occurs by the nutrient gathering capacity of the legume. When grown together, pecans and legume roots become intermingled. Legumes “fix” nitrogen from the air and, as nitrogen compounds are pushed out of the roots, the nitrogen can be transformed by other microbes into a form that can be absorbed by pecan roots. “Cross-feeding” is common among plant types, and using legumes in this manner is an effective way to provide some of the needed nitrogen for trees. The cover crop also “mines” nutrients from the soil and traps them in organic form. Later, as clover roots decay, those nutrients are released and taken up by the pecan roots in the vicinity. The transfer of Phosphorus, Calcium, Magnesium, and many other essential elements to the trees is facilitated by the association of different plant types.

Legume flowers also attract insects, many of which are predators of pecan pest insects. Providing refuge for beneficial insects contributes a biocontrol aspect to pecan production. Complete control may not always be achieved, but support of beneficial insects in the pecan orchard can help reduce chemical sprays to avert crop loss to insect pests.

As with any other crop, a cover crop needs to be managed properly. Clover and grass mixes can be maintained by grazing animals, or can be mowed and baled as a hay crop, adding another crop being produced from the pecan orchard. Cover crops provide a tidy appearance to the orchard and improve access to the traffic ways after a rain. Check locally for information on the best grasses and legumes to use in pecan orchards, as these will differ between the wide climatic ranges in which pecans are grown.

Cover crops are an important part of soil building that enhances the long-term health and productivity of orchards. Pecans respond very well to improvements made in soil quality. Building soil quality in centered on improving soil organic matter. Where soil organic matter is adequate, trees benefit from the increase in the size of the nutrient storehouse. This helps ensure the trees will have access to the nutrients and water they need throughout the growing season and help prevent nutrient deficiencies and the stress of inadequate water supply. Where soil organic matter is adequate, soil microbes control much of the processes providing nutrients to the trees. This natural relationship between trees and soils just seems to work better, not only for tree nutrition, but also for root disease suppression. Beneficial microbes grow actively in soils with adequate organic matter. They help control populations of pathogenic microbes that can cause root diseases of pecan.

Soil building starts with increasing organic matter inputs in the orchard. Composts, manures, compost teas can all be used to supply nutrients and combat diseases. Amending the soil with these organics on a regular basis will help turn the orchard over to the soil microbes. Over time, the improvements achieved with organic matter amendments will pay many times over in healthier, more productive pecans.

PLANTING SUGGESTIONS - SOME THINGS TO KEEP IN MIND.

NEVER USE “WEED & FEED” FERTILIZERS OR PRE-EMERGENT HERBICIDES ANYWHERE NEAR PECANS! CERTAIN PESTICIDES MAY CARRY OVER INTO THE NUTS!

Well-established pecan trees have feeder roots that can extend out to a radius well beyond twice the height of the tree.

The “conventional wisdom” concerning the canopy “drip-line” generally applies only to young trees.

When considering a location for a commercial operation, no less than correct soil pH range, soil physical qualities and water availability/quality are all essential!

We have many more free relevant and downloadable Agronomy Notes relevant to Pecans.

SPECIAL WARNING ON NICKEL

Nickel compounds, particularly water-soluble ones, are known to be highly carcinogenic to humans!

Nickel deficiency in pecans can occur in two ways:

1. The soil is deficient in water soluble (tree-available) Nickel compounds. The soil can also be deficient in any other [insoluble] Nickel compound. Generally speaking, Nickel becomes less available with increasing soil pH. It can also be made unavailable by excesses of other metals.

2. Zinc is especially successful in blocking Nickel uptake by the tree. Petioles or leaves that assay high in Zinc will almost certainly assay low in Nickel. Adding Nickel is not the answer. Bringing the other micronutrients and trace elements into balance is the answer.

APPLYING ANY NICKEL COMPOUND TO THE SOIL SHOULD NOT BE CONSIDERED.

IF A SOIL TEST REVEALS THAT THE SOIL IS DEFICIENT IN NICKEL, PLANTING PECANS WOULD BE A MISTAKE.

Micronutrients and trace elements are most efficiently applied to, and absorbed by the tree when they are foliarly applied.

UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCE IS NICKEL TO BE APPLIED FOLIARLY!

Soybeans - Plant Nutrition & Sampling

admin@tpslab.com (Sandy Perez) — Thu, 01 Oct 2020 20:46:22 GMT

Soybeans: a high profit potential

S oybeans have a high profit potential. Since approximately 90% of production costs for soybeans are incurred at the 30 bushel yield level, growers should be able to economically fertilize for maximum yields. Fertility programs based on plant analysis and soil analysis from TPSL will maximize mineral efficiency.

Seasonal Requirements

Note: The above is to be applied in increments according to a schedule! The timing of the applications is crucial!!! The use of certain adjuvants may significantly reduce some of these requirements.

Plant Food Utilization

Adequate nodulation can supply a good portion of N. Efficiency of N and P used by the first crop is small, as soybeans are poor feeders – only 10 - 20%. Mixing humus products and Sulfur into the soil weeks before planting may be beneficial. --- K uptake is about 50 - 70%. By supplying the nutritional needs required by your soybeans’ stage of growth, You can dramatically increase your yields and quality, AND Greatly reduce water requirements and eliminate the costs of unnecessary fertilizers!

Soybeans absorb approximately 40 to 45% of their total N, P & K at the beginning of bean formation, when the vegetative plant parts have reached their maximum content. All of these nutrients go into the seed because the grain contains approximately 70% N, 75% P, and 55% K of all the nutrients absorbed.

During the first month of planting, daily nutrient uptakes are small – much less than 1 lb./acre/day. In the second and third month, the daily nutrient requirement can reach 8 lbs. Nitrogen, 0.40 lbs. Phosphorous, and 4 lbs. of Potash.

At soybean yields of 30 to 70 bushels/acre, 1/3 to1/2 (yields above this are proportionately higher) of the Nitrogen absorbed by the plant is in the form of nitrates and ammonium ions. Preplant Nitrogen is recommended depending upon soil analysis results. Phosphate and Potassium should be included with nitrogen soil applications. Since peak Nitrogen uptake corresponds with pod set and seed filling, supplemental Nitrogen is recommended during these stages of growth.

High levels of available Phosphorous are associated with high soybean yields. The greatest demand for Phosphorous is at mid-bloom and mid-pod set. Phosphorous is required for normal Nitrogen fixation. Average mineral recovery from fertilization under good conditions ranges from 10 to 20%. TPSL has been successful in increasing this percentage, especially in drip and pivot irrigation, by using adjuvants such as humic acid, sugars, beneficial soil bacteria and other things.

Soybeans also require large amounts of Potassium. Maximum need is associated with periods of vegetative growth. Potassium can increase the number of nodules which actively fix atmospheric Nitrogen. Average recovery for a Potassium application is 50 to 70%.

The availability of soil nutrients, with the exception of Nitrogen, is basically pH dependent. The pH dictates the complexing, precipitation and solubility of various mineral compounds. Optimal soil pH is between 6.10 to 6.70. If the soil pH is increased from 5.10 to 6.10, soybean yields can increase by 8 bushels/acre.

Very small amounts of Molybdenum (Mo) are required by soybeans for Nitrogen fixation. At pH levels below 6.00, Molybdenum is frequently so unavailable that supplemental applications to seed or foliage will sharply increase yields.

Depending upon your soil’s chemistry, most nutrients can be rapidly “tied-up” into plant-unavailable (insoluble) compounds! It is only the plant-available nutrient compounds – available when the plants need them - that count! Most all other soil tests report at least some amount of those “tied-up / plant-unavailable” compounds, giving you a false sense of adequacy – even as your plants show obvious signs of distress and decline! This hopefully explains why your plants clearly show certain nutrient deficiencies, even though your soil test reports come back showing those nutrients as being adequate or high! All of this can be avoided!

Under favorable conditions, only 25 to 50 percent of soybean flowers effectively fertilize and set pods. If conditions are not good, most early flowers and pods abort.

Weed control is critical in the production of soybeans. Grasses [weeds] are much better competitors for P, K, Ca and Mg, and will rob the soil of nutrients required for optimal production. In addition, there is good evidence that plants [weeds] volatilize excess Nitrogen through their leaves. Palmers Amaranth, Jimsonweed and Entire leaf Morning-Glory volatilize 5 to 10 times more Nitrogen into the atmosphere, than do soybeans.

In addition, since young soybean leaves volatilize high amounts of Nitrogen, succulent vegetative growth would be associated with higher nitrate loss than slow growth. Hence, high amounts of Nitrogen applied at early stages of growth will be mostly lost.

Strawberries - Plant Nutrition Notes

Thu, 01 Oct 2020 20:02:36 GMT

Grow Great Strawberries.

Strawberries are one of the most sensitive plants in horticultural production. A good fertility program must be used because strawberries are very susceptible to nutrient problems. Close attention to the nutrient needs of your strawberries is vital because strawberries are harvested for an extended period during the season. They require a constant source of complete nutrition in just the right amounts to ensure good yields of high quality berries. The task is made even more difficult because straw-berries are also very susceptible to diseases and insect damage. However, developing a good fertility plan that is used in a timely manner will contribute to disease and insect control. Improving soil health is a key factor in insect and disease management as well as providing a foundation for building soil fertility.

Commercial strawberry production practices commonly include drip irrigation, which facilitates fertilization with soluble fertilizers injected into the watering system. Granular fertilizers are used for matted row and other production systems.

Soil and Tissue testing—why do it?

A soil test should be completed before planting berry plants. Results will provide information about the quantity of nutrients present and an estimate of how well those nutrients will be released for plant use. To get a more complete picture, tissue testing as plants grow and fruit appears, provides information about the intensity or rate of uptake into the plant. This will tell you whether the plants are getting the right amount of nutrition at the right time.

The plant integrates all the factors that affect nutrient uptake from the soil—chemical solubility, nutrient quantity, rainfall, sunlight, and temperature—and produces fruit according to how well (or poorly) the nutrient program meets the needs of the plant, under your growing conditions. Only tissue testing can tell you how well the plant is using the nutrients you’ve supplied, or whether more of certain nutrients are needed. Soil test results, coupled with periodic tissue testing provides a nutrient audit for a more complete picture of your crop’s health and vigor throughout the harvest season. The audit allows you to adjust the fertilization program as needed, during the growing season, to fix any problems that show up on tissue test results. The payoff is greater yield and higher quality fruit.

Strawberry trifoliate leaves

Strawberry tissue samples should consist of the most recently mature, trifoliate leaves and petioles. These leaves are fully expanded and consist of one petiole (leaf stem) with three leaflets. They are usually located 3 to 5 leaves back from the growing point. Avoid collecting leaves that are damaged or dull in color. 

When the samples are being collected, it is very important to detach the petiole from the leaflets immediately and keep the petiole. It would be helpful to submit a few leaves for observation purposes. Petiole Analysis indicates the amount of nutrients that would be deficient or toxic in the next 7 to 21 days, and serves as a basis for the nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and other macro and micronutrient rate recommendations.

Each sample should include 25 to 35 petioles randomly selected within a uniform representative area of the field. For example, all of the petioles in a single sample should be the same variety, growing on the same soil type, planted at the same time and having the same management history.

For the most accurate recommendations, TPSL asks growers to provide specific information about each sample. Details about fertilization history, soil test, environmental conditions and the name of the variety being grown should be written on the Plant Submittal Form, which is available on our website.

Soil pH

Strawberries prefer a soil pH of 6.0 to 6.5, in the slightly acid range. This is necessary to ensure uptake of adequate amount of several trace elements and phosphorus that are more plant available in that pH range. Adjustment of soil pH to this range is best done before planting. It takes some time to settle down the many chemical and biological changes that occur when soil pH is adjusted and plants can struggle with getting nutrients before the new conditions become effective. Agricultural lime, preferably dolomitic lime, can be used to increase pH if necessary, and ammonium sulfate, or elemental Sulfur can be used to reduce soil pH. These sources will also supply needed sulfur for proper plant nutrition. Sulfur needs have often been often overlooked in earlier fertilizer programs. Suggestions for soil pH adjustment will be included with your soil test results.

Nutrient Needs and Deficiencies

Nitrogen—a major nutrient involved in protein production in the plant is needed in large quantities. It should be supplied over the entire production period to ensure good yields and high quality. Depending on your soil type and whether you’re fertilizing established plantings or new plantings, Nitrogen needs range from 150 to 220 lbs. N/acre for new plantings and 75-120 lbs. N/acre for established plantings. Sandy soils will need about 20% more.

It’s best to divide up the total amounts needed into several smaller applications to ensure the plants have just the right amount of nutrient at just the right time. Too much is a waste, too little causes deficiency. Excellent berry production requires about 1 lb./acre per day in the harvest season.

Nitrogen deficiency can stunt growth. Leaves, especially the lower ones, will turn lighter green or even yellow, a condition called chlorosis. However, several nutrients can cause chlorosis, so a leaf tissue test should be done to determine the causes or causes, because more than one deficiency can result in chlorosis.

Nitrogen deficiency

Phosphorus —a major nutrient needed for DNA synthesis and energy production, root development, flower initiation and seed or fruit development. Strawberries need about 25-30 lbs./acre of Phosphorus. More may need to be applied because it may become tied-up in the soil.

Fertilizers are labeled with a three-part number, such as 10-20-20, which gives the bag contents of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium. The Nitrogen number is just the percent of the element Nitrogen; the Phosphorus is listed as P2O5, the Potassium number is given as K2O. The P2O5 and K2O designations are holdovers from long ago when fertilizers were analyzed as those forms. It’s now become traditional to express them like that.

Phosphorus is very reactive in soils. If soil pH is outside the 5.5 to 7.3 range, Phosphorus tends to drop out of solution and become unavailable to plants. A slightly acidic pH keeps much of the phosphorus in a soluble form that’s available for plant uptake. This is why it is important to adjust soil pH before planting. Maintaining adequate levels of Phosphorus in the soil for extended plant production can be difficult. Tissue testing at critical times will determine whether sufficient phosphorus is being provided to the plants. Testing can tell if a problem exists before there are visual symptoms of deficiency, giving you a chance to remedy the shortage before too much harm has been done.

Potassium —a major nutrient important for fruit maturation and sugar transport into the fruit. Upwards from 150 lbs./acre is needed by a good crop, depending on the soil test results. Soil tests are good predictors of potassium availability because potassium does not form a true organic compound, nor does it precipitate easily in the soil. Much of the Potassium required is needed at flowering and fruit set, continuing on into fruit maturation. It is important to maintain high levels of Potassium at the mid- and later phases of strawberry production. Deficiency symptoms appear much like Phosphorus deficiency, but often cause additional leaf margin necrosis. Tissue testing is the best way to monitor the levels getting into the plant to avoid deficiencies.

Calcium and Magnesium —used by the plant for fruit firmness and storage quality. If soil tests indicate a need for these minor elements, they should be applied before plants are set out. These nutrients compete with each other for plant uptake, so it is important to make sure the correct ratio between the two is maintained throughout the season. In general, an 8:1 ratio is desired. If soil test Calcium levels are about 1000 parts per million (ppm), sufficient Calcium is present. If the soil has been limed earlier, Calcium should be sufficient. Dolomitic limestone contains Magnesium and can be used to maintain soil Magnesium concentrations around 150 ppm. Calcium and Magnesium are cat-ions that compete for uptake with other fertilizer cat-ions, such as ammonium and Potassium. For this reason, it is important to balance the total plant nutrition, taking into account competing characteristics of all fertilizer elements.

Trace Elements

Some nutrients are necessary but are used in very small amounts. These are the trace elements. Iron, Zinc, Manganese, Copper, Molybdenum and several others are necessary for healthy plants, being involved in various aspects of plant life, such as chlorophyll production and enzyme activities. The amounts needed are usually in the range of a few ounces per acre which works out to be about 20-45 ppm in leaf tissue. However, each element has its own optimal concentration range. Often foliar sprays are used to maintain sufficient levels in plant tissues, but soluble forms are available that can be applied by drip irrigation. Many fertilizers contain trace elements and, if the soil conditions are correct, these can be considered plant available. However, most trace elements are more soluble in acid soils and often become problematic in previously limed soils. This is another reason to complete soil pH adjustment treatments before planting.

Iron Deficiency

Boron is a trace element, so it is required in very small amounts. It is important for flowering, fruit set, and for the maturation of the strawberry fruit. What sets it apart from the other trace elements is that it is less available at lower soil pH. Liming generally increases the availability, but many alkaline soils respond to Boron because it is not present in sufficient amounts in the soil. Caution is advised when considering Boron fertilization because toxicity can occur by over-applying the nutrient. Several sources of soluble Boron, and the classical “borax” preparations are available to treat a deficiency with accurate amounts of the element.

The need for balancing nutrition for strawberries can be greatly facilitated by improving soil organic matter content. Not only does organic matter contain the major, minor and trace nutrient elements the plant needs, it also supports the growth of beneficial soil microbes that can help keep diseases in check and actually stimulate better strawberry growth and production. Making organic matter additions to the soil starts the process of turning over much of the nutrition and protection of plants to soil microbes, all to the benefit of the plants.

Plant Stress and Proline – Avoiding Crop Performance Loss

Tue, 15 Sep 2020 21:00:00 GMT

Visual detection of plant stress often comes too late...

In his 1995 State of the Union speech, President Bill Clinton highlighted a USDA program addressing plant stress as an example of wasteful “pet project” government spending. We knew then, and know even more now, that plant stress is a very significant yield-and-quality-robbing factor in agricultural crops to which little attention has been paid.

We try to optimize fertility, irrigation, weed and pest management practices to achieve the best production under the constraints of environment and economics. However, it has become clear that plant stress comes from everything we try to control; it is additive, and it can be cumulative—resulting in loss of yield and quality potential.

For the grower, visual detection of plant stress often comes too late to do anything more than damage control by preventing further loss of yields and quality for the season. One visually-obvious "too late" example is dropped squares and bolls in cotton. Another is shed flowers and pods or a predominance of two and three-bean pods in soybeans if stress is present early-on, or empty pods if stress occurs later.

In plant health, as in human health, there are signs, although they may not be obvious, that stress is present. The trick is in detecting and interpreting those signs – ideally, before they can be seen, This is evidenced by many of us having annual physical check-ups and blood (in the case of plants, sap) tests to detect "hidden" problems. Certain “biological signals” accumulate in the plant during periods of stress. They are produced in response to environmental stresses such as water, light, temperature, and salinity. Their appearance are signals that something is hindering normal plant growth and development with consequent loss of yields and quality.

One of the common stress molecules in plants is Proline. Proline is an amino acid normally produced during protein production. In times of stress, plants over-produce this molecule which can be measured with whole leaf analysis. Elevated proline indicates stress responses have been initiated by the plant. The excess proline stimulates metabolic changes in the plant to cope with the stress.

However, proline is not only a signal but also directly helps maintain internal cell turgor, preventing electrolyte losses by supporting good osmotic balance. Proline also reduces the undesirable reactive oxygen species molecules (ROS) which, in times of stress, can overcome the natural ability of plants to dispose of these harmful molecules that are normally produced during metabolism.

Good crop nutrition is fundamental to warding-off harmful effects of environmental stresses. Therefore, proline is both a plant stress response and a signal. Increased proline production allows a plant to marshal its physiology to accommodate the stress. But generally, the internal changes the plant makes to manage stress reduces its productivity in favor of survival advantage.

In short, high proline values are simply symptoms of larger problems in the plant. Our primary use of the proline data is to formulate a plan to ameliorate or manage the stresses causing the proline response. With high proline, the plant is telling us that something is wrong.

We don't want to eliminate stress, but control it so that the plant can continue to grow and produce well during the season. Elimination of stress is not a goal because the plant uses certain stresses as timing functions for several important metabolic processes.

While the overall concern is in reducing chronic or unanticipated stresses, there are certain conditions during crop development under which induced and carefully-controlled plant stress can be of great financial benefit to the grower: Scheduled and managed stress can result in higher nutrient content of the crop (premium quality) or greater yields, or both. This is demonstrated by actual field results.

Accordingly, the goal is not to minimize stress across-the-board throughout the season, but to carefully time the inducement, control and manage it.

Regardless, carefully managing overall stress responses during growth promotes better total plant performance. Our in-season recommendations include steps to minimize destructive unplanned stresses and manage desired ones detected by increased proline production. For example, for a low-moisture stress, we may recommend increasing potassium fertility to increase internal water use efficiency. Additionally, based on other Ask The Plant ® tests, silicon and other nutrients are recommended to maintain canopy structure and function, and to reduce or eliminate disease and insect pressures.

TPS Lab uses the proline test to monitor total stress in crop plants. If stress levels are high, the results, together with sap and tissue nutrient test results and the information you provide, guide us in prescribing changes to management that will control those stresses. Remember, elevated proline levels indicate stresses that are most often caused by multiple factors. We consider those factors to formulate a complete remediation plan that addresses all stresses.

Proline may have other effects on plants as well. We have been collecting proline data for some time. We have seen that reproductive tissues from stressed plants appear to differ from those of low-stress plants. Therefore, if you hold seeds, tubers or bulbs over to plant yourself or sell them for planting, controlling stresses may influence future crops as well. We continue to evaluate these effects.

SILICON – The “Miracle” Trace Element?

Tue, 15 Sep 2020 20:59:34 GMT

Silicon is the second most abundant element in the earth's crust, exceeded only by Oxygen.

In this Quartz Crystal form, the Silicon is unavailable to the plants.

Mineral soils are derived from rocks that contain about 30% Silicon (Si). Silicon is the second most abundant element in the earth’s crust, exceeded only by Oxygen. Growing in soil, plant roots are literally surrounded by minerals containing Silicon. Although all plants use at least a little Si, it has not been shown to be necessary for all plants; hence, it does not attain the “required” list of elements for plants. In 2011, the Association of American Plant Food Control Officials listed Silicon as ”beneficial” for plants. The designation reflects the many scientific findings showing Si is necessary for some, but not all plants.

However, the growing recognition of the benefits of Si is now seen in the occasional listing of available Si as part of the “guaranteed analysis” printed on fertilizer labels. Yet, the role of Silicon in plant nutrition is often considered to be of secondary importance - or worse yet, not acknowledged at all. This is probably due to the lack of a complete understanding of how Si functions in plants. In addition, the myriad different effects of Si make definitive statements difficult.

The chemistry of Si can be very complex. The most common chemical form in minerals is SiO, which is the smallest unit of very large polymers made up of long chains of SiO. In this form, such as in the quartz sand particle derived from quartz, it is unavailable to plants.

Even though plant roots are surrounded by this form of Si, they cannot use it. But the activity of roots and of microbes in the soil bring some of the Si into solution, creating a different chemical form, SiO4 (silicate) that plants can take up. In soil solution, its usual concentration is 3 to 17 ppm.

The most common form in soil solution is silicic acid, H4SiO4, which is readily absorbed by plants. The amount contained in plants ranges from 0.20% to 10% depending on the type of plant. It is interesting that this concentration range is essentially the same as that for Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Phosphorus (P) and Sulfur (S); all of these are listed as essential nutrients.

Most plants grow in soils dominated by silicates, and the soil solution surrounding the roots contains Si at concentrations exceeding those of Phosphorus (P) by a factor of 50 or more. As plants absorb it, their Si content approaches the same range as that of the macronutrient elements. Therefore, Si fertility is an important part of the overall fertility plan for crop management. Often, there is enough Si in soil solution to meet the needs of a growing crop, but plenty of instances arise where the capacity of the soil is insufficient to satisfy crop needs.

Silicon is often found deficient is acidic soils and in climates of high rainfall, such as in tropical environments. Any highly-leached system, accordingly, can fail to provide enough Si to benefit plants. Silicon can also be limited in high pH soils, which are common in the western U.S. and many other locations. The fact is, Si deficiency symptoms are subtle leads to the general assumption that it might not be so important. But the benefits seen in systems where supplemental Si is used are additive and, overall, can be quite remarkable.

The list of Si benefits to plants include:

improvement in chemical composition; Si has been shown to promote the uptake of Phosphorus and other nutrients; to improve the distribution of those nutrients, especially trace elements among the plant tissues; and to inhibit the uptake of excessive amounts of Manganese and other elements that can become toxic.

improved stems and leaves; promotes proper orientation to the sun for photosynthesis.

improved reproductive growth; maturation of pollen and flowers.

improved enzyme activities, especially those associated with reproduction and cell elongation.

improved resistance to diseases and insects; increased cell "toughness" makes it more difficult for fungi and insects to puncture plant cells.

improved salt tolerance; Si inhibits the uptake of excess Sodium, and helps regulate water loss around roots in salty soil.

improved water use efficiency: Si aids internal water relations in plant by slowing transpiration, making plants more resistant to water stress.

improved resistance to heat or cold stress: Si helps in protecting plant membranes to keep them functioning longer in the face of temperature extremes.

improved post-harvest or keeping quality (shelf-life) of produce. Much of this relates to better plant cell stability which can reduce disease, especially storage rots.

improved resistance to lodging in small grains due to increased rigidity of cell walls.

Silicon deficiency can be diagnosed by a summation of individual symptoms that cannot be attributed to other causes. For instance, flower buds of strawberry can be smaller than normal and, with associated pollen problems, result in poor fruit set and maturation. If Boron is exonerated, the malady may be due to Si deficiency. In some plants, leaf defects are noticeable, such as curling, excessive thickening, and other morphological anomalies. Leaves can be pale, yellowing slowly over time. Necrotic lesions may appear on older leaves that are not caused by disease microbes. Various other metabolic and reproductive problems may reduce the vigor, yield, or quality of crops without signal symptoms ever appearing. These problems often return because Si is not recycled like other nutrients. Hence, re-application on at least an annual basis will probably be necessary. This may explain why appropriate plant tissue analyses are essential for properly identifying nutritional deficiencies.

Some plants are Si-accumulating but also, there are non-Si-accumulating plants. Grass-type plants, such as cereal grains, corn, sugar cane and sorghum tend to accumulate more Si than broadleaf-type plants, such as cotton, soybeans, and dry beans. Some plants concentrate the Si taken up by producing for storing Si. Phytoliths are microscopic “plant stones” comprised mainly of silicon dioxide produced within plant cells during normal growth.

Phytoliths are microscopic "plant stones" comprised mainly of silicon dioxide.

Plant uptake and use of Si varies greatly. Plant Si concentrations range from 10-15% in grasses and less than 1% to about 3% in dicots. In rice, it is generally acknowledged that Si is required. Other evidence is accumulating that Si is an essential element - meaning that it is necessary for normal growth and activity, but many non-listed plants can benefit from Si.

Supplementing Si to crops as a part of fertilizers is common for some crops. These fertilizers usually include water-soluble forms of Si (silicates) that have been designed to remain plant-available. Present products for foliar application are also plant-available and are probably the best method of providing Si to the plant. Most plants can readily take-up Si through the leaves. Rock-derived materials or metal silicate preparations are not very useful in supplying Si because they remain very insoluble in soil systems.

To take full advantage of Si fertilizers, they should be used in the context of a complete fertility program. Because Si apparently directs the uptake and distribution of other nutrients, including it with macro-and- micronutrient applications could be the best use of Si amendments. To realize the full benefit of Si, or any other plant nutrient, it should be part of a balanced nutrient program to ensure all nutrients are present in the appropriate amounts at the appropriate time.

Von Liebig's Law of The Minimum!

Management of Saline Irrigation Water on Turfgrass

Tue, 15 Sep 2020 20:12:01 GMT

Chemical, physical and biological aspects are important for salt management and turfgrass health.

In recent years, many parts of the world have begun experiencing increasingly difficult droughts. This has affected our most precious resource and resulted in higher and higher concentrations of the salts being found in the irrigation water. Salts in irrigation water can be stressful for turfgrass as they contribute to the breakdown of the soil’s structure, increased osmotic stress and reduced nutrient uptake. The symptoms are very similar to drought stress. Because of this, effluent water has become a valuable resource to the turfgrass industry. In fact, what used to be an alternative source of water, effluents are quickly becoming the only source for some growers. This, of course, calls for proper management as some effluents are very high in Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and can cause some real problems of their own.

In order to properly ascertain the quality of irrigation water, a complete analysis is necessary. A water test will give us a quantitative value of the salt levels which will be expressed as TDS in terms of milligrams per liter (mg/L = ppm). Ideally, your water’s TDS level would be less than 1500 mg/l, yet this is not the only metric we need to consider. We often find that effluent water may contain up to 50% or more of its TDS composition as sodium chloride, which is toxic if allowed to accumulate in the soil. To provide you with a more visual representation of how much salt that is, take a TDS of 1000 mg/l, where sodium chloride is at 50% or more, this equals 1.50 tons of salt for every acre-foot of water applied. That is a lot of salt! The other components included in the TDS measurement are usually comprised of favorable salts such as calcium and magnesium.

Sodium hazards are greater in soils with higher clay content. This is because sodium reduces the soil’s permeability by dispersing clay particles which in turn seal larger pore spaces resulting in infiltration problems long before toxic levels are reached. The Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) is an indicator of how fast harmful salts accumulate in soil. SAR readings of less than 6 are desirable. For those with sandy loam soil, better leeching is possible due to this soil’s naturally better tilth, making it easier to get those salts below the root zone.

Once we have reached high concentrations of harmful salts (sodium, chlorides, boron and bicarbonates) treatment with an orchestrated approach that includes chemical and biological components will be necessary. The most common and cost-effective approach is the application of gypsum (calcium sulfate) to increase the soluble calcium in the soil and help promote the leeching of sodium away from the root zone. This is an ideal treatment that increases the infiltration rate in non-calcareous soils with a neutral to slightly acid pH. Alternatively, extremely acidic soils will benefit from an application of lime. Should your situation be that you have strongly alkaline and calcareous soil, then a better treatment option would be the use of elemental sulfur.

Gypsum can be used on alkaline soils, but the added benefits of sulfur are better in the long run. The conversion of sulfur to oxidized forms that can be used by soil-borne bacteria to form sulfuric acid allows the breakdown of calcium bicarbonate into calcium sulfate while temporarily reducing the soil’s pH and making phosphorous and other micronutrients bio-available for uptake by the turfgrasses. Using gypsum only as a treatment will not produce the same benefits.

The next and equally important part of a complete remediation program includes the use of beneficial soil microbes in the form of soil inoculants or compost teas. These will greatly enhance the remediation or preventive process. Microorganisms release beneficial enzymes, organic acids and chelators that ‘unlock’ tied up nutrients in the soil. With high pH soils, microorganisms will work to break up the tricalcium phosphate, an unavailable for of phosphorous, into Ca++ and PO-4. Being that calcium is stronger than sodium, it displaces sodium ions at the cation exchange site. Through this chemical process, larger pores are created allowing for better air and root penetration and we stimulate better soil structure while flushing toxic salts down and away from the root system.

Continuing research has shown us that the interaction these soil microorganisms have with plants is vital to maintaining healthy turfgrass. Keeping these microbes healthy and thriving in your soil is easy with the use of carbon-based products such as humic acid, fulvic acid, amino acid, etc.… With the application of these types of products you can ensure that the microscopic team that is working day and night for you stays healthy and happy.

We are just now, as an agricultural community, beginning to really understand the many benefits of having a thriving microbe population. Primarily, they help dissolve and supply nutrients that may be otherwise inaccessible to plant roots. Some rhizosphere bacteria, for example, have been found to produce several compounds including plant hormones that help promote growth even under stressful environmental condition such as excessive moisture, salt, heat or cold. Other groups of soil microbes produce antibiotics, biocides and compounds that help reduce the population of not only crop pests like insects, but also fungal or bacterial pathogens. Some studies have shown that the physical presence of large numbers of rhizobacteria around turf roots can act as a physical barrier to root infections caused by pathogens and possibly nematodes. There have always been mutually beneficial interactions between plants and soil microbes. Over the last few decades continuing research has helped us better understand the specific mechanisms of some of these actions.

In closing, while the quality of our irrigation water is in decline, using water and soil testing we can establish a management program to remediate and improve most if not all turfgrass conditions. These tests give us insight into what is happening in the soil and with that information we can develop a plan that is not only economical, but that will also help us achieve our desired goals. It’s important to note that there are other tools available that can work together with soil and water tests to give us more options for remediation. Plant sap analysis, when used alongside soil and water testing, will guide us to a game plan that can help offset some of these poor soil conditions by identifying poor nutrient uptake. A test on the grass itself will show what remediation would work best for the specific stress affecting your turf. A cocktail of balanced nutrients, carbon-based products, organic acids and more can be applied as a foliar spray. In this way, we bypass the affected root system and supply the grasses actual needs, thereby mitigating the stress caused by the sodic soil conditions. Following a ‘big picture’ approach that considers chemical, physical and biological aspects is essential for successful salt management and turfgrass health.

Grape Specific Testing

admin@tpslab.com (Sandy Perez) — Tue, 15 Sep 2020 20:00:09 GMT

TPS Lab is getting a lot of soil samples recently from vineyards of all sizes and ambition.

TPS Lab has stirred up a lot of interest with Viticulturists with the recent introduction of our grape specific soil test and grape specific plant test , addressing the special nutritional and testing requirements of grapes.

These tests are dramatically more comprehensive than those offered by competing labs. Along with our proprietary method of CO2 extraction for testing, what has historically set us apart from most other labs is our recommendations supplied as a part of each report. We are a consulting laboratory, as well as an analytical one - dealing only with agronomic matters.

Our Senior Analyst Noel Garcia has visited with many field consultants, farmers of various crops - and most especially - vineyards around Lubbock and West Texas. He will be especially interested in visiting with growers of all kinds who are having problems or are dissatisfied with the performance of their crops. We are told that Lubbock will be the new grape capital of Texas within the next five years. We endeavor to have a key role in seeing that happen.

We can guide you from pre-plant to bottling - regardless of where your vineyard is located, in Texas or abroad.

No matter what your plant! No matter where your soil!

Our Testing Method

admin@tpslab.com (Sandy Perez) — Tue, 15 Sep 2020 19:56:45 GMT

Why Our Method

TPS Lab uses the CO2 Extraction Method (Plant Natural®) to extract Potassium (K), Sodium (Na), Calcium (Ca), and Magnesium (Mg) from your soil. This method duplicates the way plants naturally extract these nutrients from ANY soil. TPS Lab has been testing soils from around the world and providing solutions for growers for more than 75 years.

The CO2 Extraction Method (Plant Natural®) is offered only by a handful of labs around the world, as it is extremely labor-intensive and does not lend itself to an automated processing line as does Mehlich III or other commonly-offered soil nutrition tests.

Other testing methods only tell you the TOTAL CONTENT of Potassium (K), Sodium (Na), Calcium (Ca), and Magnesium (Mg) present. The CO2 Extraction Method (Plant Natural®) separately tells you what is immediately available to the plant (water soluble) and what is "in reserve" as a locked-up compound (generally unavailable).

This explains why a more standard test may show certain nutrients as adequate or high, yet the plants show deficiencies in those nutrients - and why you may see the same test results, year after year.

Because our method duplicates the way the plant naturally extracts nutrients, it is the most accurate method of measuring Potassium (K), Sodium (Na), Calcium (Ca), and Magnesium (Mg). It does not have to be adjusted according to soil type. The proof is always in crop / plant performance!

The CO2 Extraction Method (Plant Natural®) was the first soil nutrient extraction method, developed in England by Daubeny in 1845. As analytical technology improved, much work was done on the method by the universities of Arizona and Florida and others in the 20th Century. Building upon those works, TPS Lab has further developed and refined the testing standards.

But the real value in a TPS Lab test is in the recommendation. You get a specific fertilization recommendations for your crop in your soil based on your cultivation practice, whether CONVENTIONAL, SUSTAINABLE, or ORGANIC.

How many acres can one soil sample cover?

Tue, 15 Sep 2020 18:52:12 GMT

How many acres can I test with one soil sample?

Soil testing is the most practical way of determining whether lime and fertilizer are needed for your crop. However, if a soil samples does not represent the general soil conditions of the specific field, the recommendations you get based on the sample submitted to the lab may be misleading. It is of upmost importance that the soil sample be representative of the entire field.

The objectives of soil testing are:

1.) To obtain samples that accurately represent the field from which they are taken.

2.) Estimate the amount of nutrients that should be applied to provide the greatest economic return to the farmer.

3.) Estimate the variation that exists within the field and how the nutrients are distributed.

4.) Monitor and track changes in the nutrient status of the field over time.

A free resource you can use before sampling is the USDA-NRCS Web Soil Survey https://websoilsurvey.sc.egov.usda.gov which shows the specific soil types of your field. Soil samples must be taken within the same soil type, management area or crop performance. Yield Maps are also a great tool to aid in designating sampling areas.

For Irrigated crop land, soil samples should be taken every + 40 acres with multiple subsamples thoroughly mixed taken from the surface down thru 12 inches. Pastures should be sampled from 0 to 6- inch depth.

Dryland crops should have soil samples taken from + 100 acres.

For Deep-rooted crops and long-term evaluations, it is recommended taking subsoil samples (12-24 inches and 24-36 inches). They should be kept and tested separately for additional nutrient deposits.

Soil testing should be done annually for best results and to keep you out of the guessing game. Submitting samples with adequate information to the lab regarding current crop and your next crop including yields, irrigation source, problems, fertilizer or amendment applications will provide us the information we need to give you fool-proof recommendations and give you the greatest return on your investment.

How To Take A Soil Sample For Testing

Wed, 08 Jan 2020 19:08:44 GMT

Proper Sampling Procedures and Things to Consider When Collecting a Soil Sample

Procuring a correctly sampled and handled soil is CRUCIAL to the accuracy of your soil test results!

Things to consider:

1) Soil samples must be taken directly from the major root zone of your problem area.

2) Soil tests can only reveal what is in the physical soil you send us, not the surrounding areas.

3) To avoid delays in processing your sample include a completed submittal lab form with you soil sample bag.

4) Making a map of your sample locations with a permanent identification systems will ensure future samples are taken from these same locations. Using a GPS and marking co-ordinates or using signs or markers is a great way to remember exact locations.

5) To make a representative composite soil sample you should collect soil from four locations throughout the specific area being tested, even for small beds or areas.

6) Only combine soils with no distinguishing differences or performance markers from over a specific area of interest. You can make one representative soil sample of up to 40 acres of non-irrigated land.

7) Take separate samples from areas where you see significant differences in plant quality, soil coloration or growth performance. Don't combine samples from different soil conditions into one sample.

8) For problem areas, confine the sample taken to the specific area such as the root zone around dying plants or heavily calcified or discolored soil.

How To Take A Soil Sample

With a spade, shovel, post hole digger or trowel, dig a hole from the top to the bottom of the desired area to sample. Put the excess soil to the side.
Taking your spade, shovel or trowel, shave the wall of the hole at a thickness of one inch, from the top of the hole to the bottom.
When digging your hole, if the soil is too dry or loose and crumbly, shave short lengths of constant width.
Be sure to include the top crust of the soil in the sample. It contains fertilizer and elements which are a part of the overall soil profile.
Remove trash, debris and foreign material such as branches, roots, stems, rocks, etc.
The goal is to take a uniform slice of soil from the top of the top to the bottom of the sample area.
Put the collected soil for each specific area in a plastic bucket and mix well.
Break up large clumps and clods to achieve an even consistency.
If the soil is wet, muddy, or contains moisture significant enough to damage packaging or hinder mailing, please allow time for the sample to dry before packing and shipping.
Do not dry the sample by placing it in the sun or exposing it to heat.
Allow the sample to dry naturally in a sunless area.
Put enough soil in your return bag to fill to the line, about three to four cups. Fold the top of the bag down to the front once over, and wrap ties around the rear to keep the bag closed.
A quart-sized Ziploc bag is also an acceptable sampling bag.
Place your soil sample bag and completed submittal form into a shipping box.
Do not place your submittal form in the sample bag with the soil.
Be sure to clearly mark the sample bag with your sample ID.
Use packing to prevent the bag(s) from moving around in the shipping box.
You are now ready to ship your sample with your preferred mail carrier to 4915 West Monte Cristo Rd., Edinburg, TX 78541.

NOTE: Test frequently. Test after each crop for optimum management. Perform interim tests for sudden changes or specific areas of poor performance. Problem areas can be isolated to specific areas and should be marked and tested regularly in conjunction with overall testing.

Please contact us at 956-383-0739 if you have any trouble or questions regarding sending in your soil sample.